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Allyl Isothiocyanate: A Methyl Bromide Replacement in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Edward E. Gbur ,
Jingying Zhang  and
Tsehaye Habtom
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Edward E. Gbur
Affiliation:
Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 101 Agricultural Annex Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Jingying Zhang
Affiliation:
Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 101 Agricultural Annex Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Tsehaye Habtom
Affiliation:
Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 101 Agricultural Annex Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: sbangarw@uark.edu
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Abstract

Methyl bromide has been a key fumigant for broad-spectrum weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. However, the ozone-depleting nature of methyl bromide has led to its scheduled phaseout from U.S. agriculture. Thus, an effective alternative to methyl bromide is needed. Field trials were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to evaluate the crop response and weed control efficacy of allyl isothiocyanate (ITC) in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. The experiment included various combinations of two mulch types (low density polyethylene [LDPE] and virtually impermeable film [VIF] mulch) and six rates of allyl isothiocyanate (0, 15, 75, 150, 750, 1,500 kg ha−1). Additionally, a standard treatment of methyl bromide/chloropicrin (67 : 33%) at 390 kg ha−1 under LDPE mulch was included for comparison. Bell pepper injury was < 3% in all treatments, except 11% injury at 1,500 kg ha−1 allyl isothiocyanate under VIF mulch at 2 wk after transplanting (WATP). VIF mulch did not provide additional weed control and marketable pepper yield over LDPE mulch. Allyl isothiocyanate at 932 (± 127) kg ha−1 controlled yellow nutsedge (90%), Palmer amaranth (97%), and large crabgrass (92%) through 6 WATP and maintained the marketable yield equivalent to methyl bromide treatment. This research demonstrates that allyl ITC under an LDPE mulch can serve as a potential alternative to methyl bromide for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper.

El bromuro de metilo ha sido un fumigante clave para el control de maleza de amplio espectro en el cultivo de chile dulce (Capsicum annuum “Heritage”) con cubierta de polietileno. Sin embargo, la característica que tiene el bromuro de metilo de destruir el ozono de la atmósfera ha causado su retiro programado de la agricultura de los Estados Unidos. Por lo tanto, se necesita una alternativa efectiva para el uso de este fumigante. Se llevaron al cabo estudios de campo en 2007 y 2009 para evaluar la respuesta del cultivo y la eficacia del control de maleza de alil isotiocianato (ITC) con cubierta de polietileno en chile dulce. El experimento incluyó varias combinaciones de dos tipos de cubierta [polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE) y película virtualmente impermeable (VIF)] y seis dosis de alil isotiocianato (0, 15, 75, 150, 750, 1500 kg ha−1). Adicionalmente, se incluyó un tratamiento estándar de bromuro de metilo/cloropicrina (67:33%) a 390 kg ha−1 bajo una cubierta LDPE como comparación. El daño a chile dulce fue <3% en todos los tratamientos, exceptuando 11% de daño a 1500 kg ha−1 de alil isotiocianato bajo cubierta VIF, a 2 semanas después del transplante (WATP). La cubierta VIF no proporcionó mayor control de la maleza ni tampoco rendimiento comercial superior en el cultivo, al compararlo con LDPE. El alil isotiocianato a una dosis de 932 (±127) kg ha−1 en chile dulce controló Cyperus esculentus (90%), Amaranthus palmeri (97%), y Digitaria sanguinalis (92%) a lo largo de las 6 semanas después del transplante (WATP) y mantuvo el rendimiento comercial equivalente al tratamiento con bromuro de metilo. Esta investigación demuestra que alil ITC bajo una cubierta de LDPE puede servir como una alternativa potencial al bromuro de metilo para el control de maleza en el cultivo de chile dulce con cubierta de polietileno.

Keywords

Allyl isothiocyanatemethyl bromidelarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSAPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPAyellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. CYPESbell pepper, Capsicum annuum L. ‘Heritage’Integrated weed managementmethyl bromide alternativesoil fumigation
Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/Areas
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 90 - 96
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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