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Weed diversity and soybean yield with glyphosate management along a north–south transect in the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Julio Scursoni ,
Frank Forcella ,
Jeffrey Gunsolus ,
Michael Owen ,
Richard Oliver ,
Reid Smeda  and
Roy Vidrine
Frank Forcella
Affiliation:
North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Morris, MN 56267
Jeffrey Gunsolus
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Michael Owen
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Richard Oliver
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72703
Reid Smeda
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
Roy Vidrine
Affiliation:
Dean Lee Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Alexandria, LA 70803
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Abstract

There are many concerns about the effects of repeated use of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops, including two that are seemingly contradictory. These are (1) weed escapes and (2) loss of weed diversity. Weeds that escape glyphosate treatment represent species that likely will become troublesome and difficult to control in the future, and identifying these future problems may allow more effective management. In contrast, complete weed control directly reduces the weed component of agroecosystem biodiversity and may lower other components indirectly (e.g., weed-dependent granivores). During 2001 and 2002 effects of glyphosate and conventional weed control treatments on weed community composition and GR soybean yields were studied. Field studies were conducted along a north–south transect of sites spanning a distance of 1600 km from Minnesota to Louisiana. Low-intensity use (single application yr−1) of glyphosate allowed more escapes and maintained higher weed diversity than high-intensity use (two applications yr−1) of glyphosate, and it was equivalent to or even higher than diversity in non-GR systems. Although the same weeds escaped from low- and high-intensity glyphosate treatments, frequency of escapes was higher with less intensive use. These results suggest that limited use of glyphosate would not have profound effects on weed diversity. In addition, crop yield did not differ between GR and non-GR treatments at high latitudes, but below 40° N latitude, with a longer cropping season, yields with low-intensity glyphosate use decreased by about 2% per degree latitude because of competition from escaped weeds.

Keywords

Soybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrBiodiversityglyphosate resistanceglyphosate tolerance
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 4 , August 2006 , pp. 713 - 719
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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