Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T10:38:22.142Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tillage effect on reproductive output by foxtail cohorts in corn and soybean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

George O. Kegode  and
Frank Forcella
Frank Forcella
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, Morris, MN 56267
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Reliable estimates of weed fecundity require determination under ranges of management practices such as differing crops and tillage systems. We measured components of reproductive output per plant (numbers of primary tillers, panicles, and seeds; and sizes of panicles) in three emergence cohorts of green foxtail and yellow foxtail growing among corn and soybean in moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow (CP), ridge till (RT), spring disk (SD), and no till (NT). Differences in emergence between crops and foxtail Cohorts 1, 2, and 3 were 5, 0, and −7 d, respectively. In MP, Cohort 1 of green foxtail produced 2.3 primary tillers and 5.6 panicles per plant, and Cohort 1 of yellow foxtail produced 4.6 primary tillers and 9.0 panicles per plant. Panicle size was variable for both species across tillage systems, crops, and cohorts both years. Green foxtail plants produced the most seeds per plant (3,811) in NT corn, and cohorts did not vary greatly, whereas fecundity was highly variable across tillage systems and cohorts in soybean, where it averaged 3,240 (± 388) seeds per plant. Green foxtail seed number per plant were closely related to panicle numbers per plant for each year in corn (r2 = 0.90) and soybean (r2 = 0.78), and the relationship did not vary among tillage systems. Yellow foxtail seed number per plant was closely related to panicle number per plant, and it was specific for each tillage system in corn (r2 = 0.60 to 0.85) and soybean (r2 = 0.65 to 0.92). Estimates for vegetative and reproductive growth were more reliable for green foxtail than for yellow foxtail across tillage systems, crops, cohorts, and years.

Keywords

Green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVIyellow foxtail, Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. [= Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] SETLUcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3893’soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Pioneer 9091’Emergence cohortspaniclesseed productiontillers
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 3 , June 2006 , pp. 419 - 427
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Al-Kaisi, M. M. and Yin, X. 2004. Stepwise time response of corn yield and economic return to no tillage. Soil Till Res 78:91–101.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. L., Tanaka, D. L., Black, A. L., and Schweizer, E. E. 1998. Weed community and species response to crop rotation, tillage, and nitrogen fertility. Weed Technol 12:531–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anonymous 2003. WeedSOFT Advisor. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperative Extension CD5.Google Scholar
Baker, H. G. 1974. The evolution of weeds. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst 5:1–24.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E., Stobbe, E. H., and Sturko, A. R. W. 1981. Effect of seeding dates and densities of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) on the growth and productivity of spring wheat. Weed Sci 29:212–217.Google Scholar
Bubar, C. J. and Morrison, I. N. 1984. Growth responses of green and yellow foxtail (Setaria viridis and S. lutescens) to shade. Weed Sci 32:774–780.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1995. Influence of tillage systems on weed population dynamics and management in corn and soybeans in the central USA. Crop Sci 35:1247–1258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Mester, T. C. 1991. Effect of tillage system on the emergence depth of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis). Weed Sci 39:200–203.Google Scholar
[CTIC] Conservation Technology Information Center. 2005. National crop residue management survey—1990 to 2004. www.ctic.purdue.edu/ctic/CRM2004/1994–2004data.pdf.Google Scholar
Cousens, R. and Moss, S. R. 1990. A model of the effects of cultivation on the vertical distribution of weed seeds within the soil. Weed Res 30:61–70.Google Scholar
Dryden, R. D. and Whitehead, C. W. 1963. The effect of TCA on green foxtail in competition with cereals. Can. J. Plant Sci 43:451–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forcella, F., Colbach, N., and Kegode, G. O. 2000. Estimating seed production of three Setaria species in row crops. Weed Sci 48:436–444.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Durgan, B. R., and Buhler, D. D. 1996. Management of weed seed banks. Pages 21–26 in Kudsk, P. ed. Second International Weed Control Congress in Copenhagen, Denmark, June 25–28, 1996. Doorwerth, The Netherlands: European Weed Research Society.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Oskoui, K. E., and Wagner, S. W. 1993. Application of weed seed bank ecology to low-input crop management. Ecol. Appl 3:74–83.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., and Dekker, J. et al. 1997. Weed seed bank emergence across the Corn Belt. Weed Sci 45:67–76.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., Renner, K. A., Dekker, J., Harvey, R. G., Alm, D. A., Buhler, D. D., and Cardina, J. 1992. Weed seed banks of the U.S. Corn Belt: magnitude, variation, emergence and application. Weed Sci 40:636–644.Google Scholar
Kegode, G. O., Forcella, F., and Clay, S. 1999a. Influence of crop rotation, tillage, and management inputs on weed seed production. Weed Sci 47:175–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kegode, G. O., Forcella, F., and Durgan, B. R. 1999b. Limiting green and yellow foxtail (Setaria viridis and S. glauca) seed production following spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) harvest. Weed Technol 13:43–47.Google Scholar
Kegode, G. O., Forcella, F., and Durgan, B. R. 2003. Effects of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) management alternatives on weed seed production. Weed Technol 17:764–769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knake, E. L. 1972. Effect of shade on giant foxtail. Weed Sci 20:588–592.Google Scholar
Knake, E. L. and Slife, F. W. 1965. Giant foxtail seeded at various times in corn and soybeans. Weed Sci 13:331–334.Google Scholar
Norris, R. F. 1992. Relationship between inflorescence size and seed production in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Weed Sci 40:74–78.Google Scholar
Norris, R. F. 1996. Weed population dynamics: seed production. Pages 15–20 in Kudsk, P. ed. Second International Weed Control Congress in Copenhagen, Denmark, June 25–28, 1996. Doorwerth, The Netherlands: European Weed Research Society.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T. and McAndrew, D. W. 2000. Effect of tillage on weed populations. Weed Technol 14:726–733.Google Scholar
Ominski, P. D. and Entz, E. M. H. 2001. Eliminating soil disturbance reduces post-alfalfa summer annual weed populations. Can. J. Plant Sci 81:881–884.Google Scholar
Rehm, G., Schmitt, M., and Munter, R. C. 1994. Fertilizer recommendations for agronomic crops in Minnesota. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service Monograph, revised 1994. 23 p.Google Scholar
Santelmann, P. W., Meade, J. A., and Peters, R. A. 1963. Growth and development of yellow foxtail and giant foxtail. Weeds 11:139–142.Google Scholar
Spandl, E., Durgan, B. R., and Forcella, F. 1998. Tillage and planting date influence foxtail (Setaria spp.) emergence in continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol 12:223–229.Google Scholar
Staricka, J. A., Burford, P. M., Allmaras, R. R., and Nelson, W. W. 1990. Tracing the vertical distribution of simulated shattered seeds as related to tillage. Agron. J 82:1131–1134.Google Scholar
Steel, M. G., Cavers, P. B., and Lee, S. M. 1983. The biology of Canadian weeds, 59: Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. and S. verticillata (L.) Beauv. Can. J. Plant Sci 63:711–725.Google Scholar
Stevens, A. O. 1932. The number and weight of weed seeds produced by weeds. Am. J. Bot 19:784–794.Google Scholar
Stevens, A. O. 1957. Weights of seeds and numbers per plant. Weeds 5:46–55.Google Scholar
Unger, P. and McCalla, T. M. 1980. Conservation tillage systems. Adv. Agron 33:1–58.Google Scholar
Vanden Born, W. H. 1971. Green foxtail: seed dormancy, germination and growth. Can. J. Plant Sci 51:53–59.Google Scholar
Yin, X. and Al-Kaisi, M. M. 2004. Periodic response of soybean yields and economic returns to long-term no-tillage. Agron. J 96:723–733.Google Scholar