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Soil Chemicals from Croftonweed (Ageratina adenophora) Are Phytotoxic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Guoqing Yang ,
Jiao Guo ,
Xunzhi Zhu ,
Hua Shao  and
Ting Gao
Guoqing Yang
Affiliation:
College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
Jiao Guo
Affiliation:
College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
Xunzhi Zhu*
Affiliation:
College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
Hua Shao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
Ting Gao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: zxz412@sina.com
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Abstract

Secondary plant metabolites may influence plant–plant interactions and plant invasions. Distinguishing such chemicals requires integrating varying chemical ecology approaches, information on the amounts and persistence of specific chemicals in nature, and measures of effects (e.g., phytotoxicity assays) to judge the importance of the chemicals (e.g., allelochemicals). The invasive plant croftonweed has caused substantial ecological and economic losses in China. We examined contents and degradation of croftonweed chemicals in the soil and their potential phytotoxic effects on conspecific and five allospecific plant species. Soils in which croftonweed was grown had four phytotoxins: DEHP, DBP, DTD, and HHO. All chemicals were detected in croftonweed-invaded soil, with contents ranging from 0.013 (for DEHP) to 0.353 (for DTD) µg g−1 of soil. All four compounds were degraded rapidly in 1 wk. Combinations of the chemicals inhibited seed germination or seedling growth of four of the six plants, including croftonweed itself, at mean contents found in the soil. The putative allelochemicals degraded rapidly in the soil, and the low levels of allelochemicals observed in the soil may be sufficient to affect seed germination and plant growth.

Keywords

DBP, dibuty1 phthalateDEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateDTD, amorpha-4, 7(11)-dien-8-oneHHO, 6-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-3, 8-dimethyl-4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-hexahydraphthalen-2(1H)-one (HHO)croftonweed, Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H.E. RobinsAgeratina adenophoraallelopathychemicalscroftonweedphytotoxin
Type
Physiology/Chemistry/Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 223 - 230
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate editor for this paper: Franck E. Dayan, USDA-ARS.

References

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