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Selectivity, Movement, and Persistence of Soil-Incorporated Herbicides in Carrot Plantings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

R. M. Menges  and
J. L. Hubbard
R. M. Menges
Affiliation:
Crops Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., U. S. Dep. of Agr.
J. L. Hubbard
Affiliation:
Texas Agr. Exp. Sta., Texas A&M University, Weslaco, Texas
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Abstract

The comparative performances of several herbicides incorporated 2.5 cm deep and unincorporated in furrow-irrigated soil were studied in four field experiments. Among eight herbicides evaluated, a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) was the most effective herbicide and controlled redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.) when incorporated, without reduction of yield in carrots (Daucus carota L., var. saliva, cv. Long Imperator). Trifluralin and O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S ester with N-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) gave consistently good results in all years although soil temperatures and evaporative losses of water were variable. Bioassays indicated and gas-liquid chromatographic (hereinafter referred to as GLC) assays confirmed that rainfall moved bensulide and trifluralin 2.5 cm downward in soil, and that dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA) was not moved below the original depth of incorporation in soil. GLC assays were most sensitive but generally agreed with bioassays of trifluralin-treated soils. Under high temperatures, infrequent rainfall, and furrow irrigation, the half-life of DCPA and trifluralin activities was 3 weeks, with no biological activity after 7 months. The half-life of bensulide activity was 6 months, with no biological activity after 22 months.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , March 1970 , pp. 247 - 252
Copyright
Copyright © 1970 Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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