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Seedling growth and leaf surface morphological responses of three rangeland weeds to ultraviolet-B radiation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Nancy H. Furness ,
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya  and
Douglas P. Ormrod
Nancy H. Furness
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z4
Douglas P. Ormrod
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 3N5
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Abstract

The influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on seedling growth and leaf surface characteristics of important rangeland weeds Cynoglossum officinale L. (houndstongue), Centaurea diffusa Lam. (diffuse knapweed), and Tragopogon pratensis L. (meadow salsify) was investigated in a greenhouse by exposing seedlings to 0, 7, or 11 kJ m−2 d−1 of biologically effective UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation reduced leaf, stem, and root fresh weights, leaf area, and leaf: shoot ratio and increased shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, and leaf greenness of C. officinale seedlings. Leaf, stem, and root fresh weight, and leaf area of C. diffusa seedlings decreased, whereas shoot dry matter content, specific leaf weight, leaf: shoot ratio, and leaf greenness were unaffected. T. pratensis seedlings exposed to UV-B radiation had diminished leaf greenness, but no change was observed in leaf or stem fresh weight, leaf area, or leaf: shoot ratio. Uniseriate trichome abundance in C. officinale seedlings increased and trichome orientation changed in response to UV-B exposure. UV-B treatments decreased uniseriate trichome abundance in C. diffusa; glandular trichome abundance and the ratio of glandular: uniseriate trichomes were not affected. T. pratensis seedlings showed no change in the amount of epicuticular wax on the adaxial leaf surface in response to UV-B irradiation. Shoot dry weight was not influenced by removal of epicuticular wax prior to UV-B exposure. Results suggest that epicuticular wax is not an important factor in acclimation of T. pratensis seedlings to UV-B radiation. Susceptibility to UV-B–induced damage was greatest for C. officinale seedlings and least for T. pratensis seedlings. Modification of plant morphology or reduction in growth induced by enhanced UV-B radiation may influence competitive relationships between rangeland weeds and their associated forage species.

Keywords

Centaurea diffusa Lam. CENDI, diffuse knapweedCynoglossum officinale L. CYWOF, houndstongueTragopogon pratensis L. TROPR, meadow salsifyEpicuticular waxtrichomesscanning electron microscopyCENDICYWOFTROPR
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 4 , August 1999 , pp. 427 - 434
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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