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Rapid necrosis II: physiological and molecular analysis of 2,4-D resistance in Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 October 2021

Andrew R. S. de Queiroz Open the ORCID record for Andrew R. S. de Queiroz [Opens in a new window] ,
Carla A. Delatorre Open the ORCID record for Carla A. Delatorre [Opens in a new window] ,
Catarine Markus ,
Felipe R. Lucio Open the ORCID record for Felipe R. Lucio [Opens in a new window] ,
Paula S. Angonese Open the ORCID record for Paula S. Angonese [Opens in a new window]  and
Aldo Merotto Jr Open the ORCID record for Aldo Merotto Jr [Opens in a new window]
Andrew R. S. de Queiroz
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Graduate Group in Plant Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Carla A. Delatorre
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Catarine Markus
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Felipe R. Lucio
Affiliation:
Integrated Field Science, Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil
Paula S. Angonese
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Graduate Group in Plant Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Aldo Merotto Jr*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Aldo Merotto Jr, Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS, 7712 Bento Gonçalves Ave, Porto Alegre, RS91501-970, Brazil. (Email: merotto@ufrgs.br)
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Abstract

In 2015, plants of Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker] were identified in a crop field with an unusual rapid necrosis herbicide symptom after application of 2,4-D. An initial study identified that the symptoms began about 2 h after herbicide application, the resistance factor was high (resistance factor = 19), and the resistance decreased at low light. The mechanism of resistance is not yet known, but the symptomatology suggests it may be related to reduced translocation, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) class B transporters, changes on auxin perception genes, or induction of genes involved in response to pathogens and abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to use inhibitors of enzymes involved in detoxification and carriers to investigate the mechanisms involved in the resistance to 2,4-D caused by rapid necrosis. Neither the inhibitors of ABC and auxin transporters, triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), 1-N-naphythylphthalamic acid (NPA), verapamil, and orthovanadate, nor the inhibitors of detoxifying enzymes, such as malathion, 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl), and imidazole, reduced the frequency of the rapid necrosis phenotype. However, orthovanadate and sodium azide (possibly related to auxin transport) were able to partially reduce oxidative stress in leaf disks. The expression of ABCM10 (an ABCD transporter gene), TIR1_1 (an auxin receptor gene), and CAT4 (an amino acid transporter gene) was quickly reduced after 2,4-D application in the resistant accession. Contrary to our hypothesis, LESION SIMULATING DISEASE RESISTANCE 1_3 (LSD1_3) expression increased in response to 2,4-D. LSD1_3 is important for the response to pathogen and abiotic stresses. The rapid necrosis mechanism is not related to 2,4-D detoxification but might be related to changes in the TIR receptor or auxin transport. Mutations in other transporters or in proteins involved in abiotic and pathogen stresses cannot be ruled out.

Keywords

Auxin receptorauxin resistanceauxin transporter inhibitorsErigeron canadensisleaf necrosispathogens
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 70 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 36 - 45
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Vipan Kumar, Kansas State University

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