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Isolation and Characterization of Metabolites from Pseudomonas syringae-strain 3366 and their Phytotoxicity Against Certain Weed and Crop Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

David R. Gealy ,
S. Gurusiddaiah  and
Alex G. Ogg Jr.
David R. Gealy
Affiliation:
USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., National Rice Germplasm Research Center, P.O. Box 287, Stuttgart, AR 72160
S. Gurusiddaiah
Affiliation:
Bioanalytical Ctr., Washington State Univ., 514 Science Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-4235
Alex G. Ogg Jr.
Affiliation:
USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 165 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6416
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Abstract

Phytotoxic effects of metabolites from a naturally occurring rhizobacterial isolate, Pseudomonas syringae strain 3366, were determined on downy brome and ‘Hill 81’ winter wheat, along with 10 other weed and crop species. Centrifuged supernatant and concentrated ethyl acetate extracts from aerobic shake cultures of strain 3366 suppressed germination of seeds and reduced root and shoot growth in agar diffusion assays, soil assays, and under field conditions. Generally, root growth was inhibited more than shoot growth. Strain 3366 metabolites applied in soil inhibited all species tested. Crude ethyl acetate extracts in soil inhibited downy brome at concentrations that had little effect on winter wheat. Inhibitory activity was greater in Palouse silt loam (pH 5.8, 3.6% organic matter) than in Shano silt loam (pH 9.0, 0.8% organic matter). Activity of extracted metabolites decreased rapidly in wet soil but remained high in dry soil. Active metabolites were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate extract using column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and crystallization. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, 2-amino phenoxazone, and 2-amino phenol. Activity of these metabolites against downy brome was confirmed in agar assays. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, the major identifiable metabolite present in ethyl acetate extracts (20% by weight), inhibited downy brome root growth by 99% at concentrations of 5.7 mg L−1. Production of these metabolites in field soil by live bacteria of strain 3366 was confirmed with thin-layer chromatography.

Keywords

Downy brome, Bromus tectorum L.wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Bioherbicidebiological controlphytotoxinrhizobacteriaBeta vulgaris L.Hordeum vulgare L.Lens culinaris L.Pisum sativum L.Triticum aestivum L.♯ BROTEAVEFAAEGCYAMARECHEALSISALTHLAR
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 44 , Issue 2 , June 1996 , pp. 383 - 392
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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