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Influence of Surfactants and Plant Species on Leaf Retention of Spray Solutions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Hans De Ruiter ,
André J.M. Uffing ,
Esther Meinen  and
Albertus Prins
Hans De Ruiter
Affiliation:
Centre for Agrobiological Res., P.O. Box 14, 6700 AA Wageningen
André J.M. Uffing
Affiliation:
Centre for Agrobiological Res., P.O. Box 14, 6700 AA Wageningen
Esther Meinen
Affiliation:
Centre for Agrobiological Res., P.O. Box 14, 6700 AA Wageningen
Albertus Prins
Affiliation:
Agricultural Univ., Dep. Food Sci., Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract

Spray solutions containing a cationic or a nonionic surfactant were applied to six plant species at a broad range of concentrations. The species investigated were three weeds (black nightshade, chamomile, and quackgrass) and three crops (winter wheat, pea, and tomato). The microroughness of the leaf surface as revealed by scanning electron microscopy appeared to be a relevant retention-determining factor. Plant species with crystalline epicuticular waxes (winter wheat, pea, and quackgrass) retained much less spray solution than the other species, which are characterized by a smooth cuticular surface. The two surfactants enhanced retention on species with a reflective surface, whereas retention on black nightshade, chamomile, and tomato was hardly influenced by addition of surfactants. The two surfactants had a similar influence on the retention. Surfactant at 1% (wt/v) enhanced retention on pea, winter wheat, and quackgrass by factors of twenty, six, and four, respectively, compared with retention without surfactant. A linear relation between retention and logarithm of surfactant concentration was observed. Retention of spray drops was related not to equilibrium surface tension of the spray solution but rather to dynamic surface tension.

Keywords

Black nightshade, Solanum nigrum L. # SOLNIchamomile, Chamomilla recutita (L.) # MATCHquackgrass, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski. # AGRREwinter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Arminda’pea, Pisum sativum L. ‘Finale’tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Moneymaker’Wettingdynamic surface tensionSOLNIMATCHAGRRE
Type
Weed Control and Herbicide Technology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 38 , Issue 6 , November 1990 , pp. 567 - 572
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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