Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T05:30:15.649Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Germination ecophysiology of bur beggarticks (Bidens tripartita) as affected by light and oxygen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Stefano Benvenuti  and
Mario Macchia
Stefano Benvenuti*
Affiliation:
Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi,” Università di Pisa, Via Vecchia di Marina 6, 56010 S. Piero a Grado (Pisa), Italy
Mario Macchia
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agronomia e Gestione dell'Agro-ecosistema, Via S. Michele 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
*
avanzi@deag.unipi.it.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of light, oxygen, and submergence on bur beggarticks seed germination. Fresh and dry stored seeds exhibited dormancy, requiring thiourea and light for germination. Red light was more effective than far-red or blue light in breaking dormancy. Both an oxygen-saturated and anoxic atmosphere completely inhibited germination. Hypoxic conditions (5 and 10% oxygen) led to an increase in germination compared to normoxia (21% oxygen). Primary dormancy was eliminated by 1 yr of soil burial. Seeds exhumed after soil burial had greater germination percentage than fresh or lab-stored seeds after a brief far-red irradiation, but did not germinate in the dark. The induction of secondary dormancy increased with increasing durations of submergence. Finally, sowing at different soil depths (0 to 8 cm) showed that germination and emergence occurred mainly with shallow burial (0.5 to 1.0 cm).

Keywords

Bur beggarticksBidens tripartita (L) BIDTRGermination ecologythioureasubmergenceprimary dormancysecondary dormancyburial depth
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 5 , October 1997 , pp. 696 - 700
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Al-Ani, B. F., Raymond, P., Saint-Ges, V., Leblanc, J. M., and Pradet, A. 1985. Germination, respiration and adenilate energy charge of seeds at various oxygen partial pressures. Plant Physiol. 79: 885–890.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alm, D. M., Stoller, E. W., and Wax, L. M. 1993. An index model for predicting seed germination and emergence rates. Weed Technol. 7: 560–561.Google Scholar
Amritphale, D., Gutch, A., and Hsiao, A. 1995. Phytochrome-mediated germination control of Hygropbila auricolata seeds following dry storage augmented by temperature pulse, hormones, anaerobiosis or osmoticum imbibition. Environ. Exp. Bot. 35: 187–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anonymous. 1985. International rules for seed testing. Seed Sci. & Technol. 13: 464–483.Google Scholar
Ballarè, C. L., Scopol, A. L., Sànchez, R. A., and Radosevich, S. R. 1992. Photomorphogenic processes in the agricultural environment. Photochem. Photobiol. 56: 777–788.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1985. The annual dormancy cycle in buried weed seeds: a continuum. Bioscience 35: 492–498.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S. 1995. Soil light penetration and dormancy of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) seeds. Weed Sci. 43: 389–393.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S. and Lercari, B. 1994. Effect of canopy light environment during seed ripening on Datura stramonium L. seed germination. Agric. Medit. 124: 86–91.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S. and Macchia, M. 1995. Effect of hypoxia on buried weed seed germination. Weed Res. 35: 343–351.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S. and Macchia, M. 1997. Eight environment, phytochrome and germination of Datura stramonium (L.) seeds. Environ. Exp. Bot. In press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botha, F. C., Potgieter, G. P., and Botha, A. M. 1992. Respiratory metabolism and gene expression during seed germination. Plant Growth Reg. 11: 211–224.Google Scholar
Bouwmeester, H. J. and Karssen, C. M. 1989. Environmental factors influencing the expression of dormancy pattern in weed seeds. Ann. Bot. 63: 113–120.Google Scholar
Bradow, J. M. 1985. Germination promotion in dormant Shepherdspurse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) seeds by strigol analogs and other stimulants. Weed Sci. 34: 1–7.Google Scholar
De Miguel, L. C. and Soriano, A. 1974. The breakage of dormancy in Datura ferox seeds as an effect of water absorption. Weed Res. 14: 265–270.Google Scholar
Egley, G. H. and Duke, S. O. 1985. Physiology of weed seed dormancy and germination. in Duke, S. O., ed. Weed physiology. Vol. I. Reproduction and Ecophysiology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 27–64.Google Scholar
Fenner, M. 1980. Germination test on thirty-two East African weed species. Weed Res. 20: 135–138.Google Scholar
Fenner, M. 1985. Seed ecology. London: Chapman and Hall. 145 p.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1991. Prediction of weed seedling densities from buried seed reserves. Weed Res. 32: 29–38.Google Scholar
Froud-Williams, R. J., Chancellor, R. J., and Drennan, D.S.H. 1984. The effects of seed burial and soil disturbance on emergence and survival of arable weeds in relation to minimal cultivation. J. Appl. Ecol. 21: 629–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World&s Worst Weeds. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii. 391 p.Google Scholar
Kendrick, R. E. and Spruit, C.J.P. 1977. Phototransformations of phytochrome. Photochem. Photobiol. 26: 201–214.Google Scholar
Kennedy, R. A., Rumpho, M. E., and Fox, T. E. 1992. Anaerobic metabolism in plants. Plant Physiol. 100: 1–6.Google Scholar
LeStrange, R. 1977. A History of Herbal Plants. London: Angus and Roberson. 263 p.Google Scholar
Mapes, G., Rothwell, G. W., and Haworth, M. T. 1989. Evolution of seed dormancy. Nature 337: 645–646.Google Scholar
Mitich, L. W. 1994. Beggarticks. Weed Technol. 8: 172–175.Google Scholar
Mohler, C. L. 1993. A model of the effects of tillage on emergence of weed seedlings. Ecol. Applic. 3: 53–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pons, T. L. 1991. Induction of dormancy in seeds: its importance for the seed bank in the soil. Func. Ecol. 5: 669–675.Google Scholar
Qi, M. and Upadhyaya, M. K. 1993. Seed germination ecophysiology of Meadow Salsify (Tragopogon pratensis) and Western Salsify (T. dubius). Weed Sci. 41: 362–367.Google Scholar
Refsgaard, J. C., Christensen, T. H., and Ammentorp, H. C. 1991. A model for oxygen transport and consumption in the unsaturated zone. J. Hydrol. 129: 349–369.Google Scholar
Roberts, E. H. 1973. Oxidative processes and the control of seed germination. in Heydeker, W., ed. Seed Ecology. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, pp. 188–218.Google Scholar
Scopel, A. L., Bailarè, C. L., and Radosevich, S. R. 1994. Photostimulation of seed germination during soil tillage. New Phytol. 126: 145–152.Google Scholar
Scopel, A. L., Bailarè, C. L., and Sanchez, R. A. 1991. Induction of extreme light sensitivity in buried weed seeds and its role in the perception of soil cultivation. Plant Cell Environ. 14: 501–508.Google Scholar
Shaw, D. R., Mack, R. E., and Smith, C. A. 1991. Redvine (Brunnichia ovata) germination and emergence. Weed Sci. 39: 33–36.Google Scholar
Thompson, K. and Grime, J. P. 1979. Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten herbaceous habitats. J. Ecol. 67: 893–898.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R. G. 1987. Biology of seeds in the soil. in Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 25–39.Google Scholar