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Galegine Content in Goatsrue (Galega officinalis) Varies by Plant Part and Phenological Growth Stage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Michelle Oldham ,
Corey V. Ransom ,
Michael H. Ralphs  and
Dale R. Gardner
Michelle Oldham
Affiliation:
Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4820
Corey V. Ransom*
Affiliation:
Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4820
Michael H. Ralphs
Affiliation:
Poisonous Plant Res earch Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341
Dale R. Gardner
Affiliation:
Poisonous Plant Res earch Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: corey.ransom@usu.edu
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Abstract

Goatsrue is a member of the Fabaceae family, native to Europe and western Asia. It contains the toxic alkaloid galegine. The objective of the study was to describe galegine concentration in aboveground goatsrue plant parts and total galegine pools over phenological growth stages. Twenty goatsrue plants at four locations were selected and a stalk was harvested from each at five stages of phenological development and separated into parts. Plant parts were freeze-dried, ground, and analyzed with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Galegine concentration was significantly different in plant tissues; reproductive tissues had the highest levels of galegine (7 mg g−1), followed by leaf (4 mg g−1) and finally stem (1 mg g−1) tissues. Galegine concentration and pools varied over plant tissues and phenological growth stages. Galegine pools (dry weight by concentration) or the total amount of galegine per stalk were lowest at the vegetative growth stage (2 mg stalk−1) and increased until reaching a maximum at the immature pod stage (91 mg stalk−1). The pools decreased nearly in half (48 mg stalk−1) by the mature seed stage. Like galegine pools, galegine concentration also reached a maximum at the immature pod stage (4 mg g−1), and decreased by nearly half by the mature seed stage (2 mg g−1). The increased levels of galegine pools at immature pod stage corresponds with the time of meadow hay harvest, implying that goatsrue is potentially most toxic at the phenological stage when it is likely to be harvested as a contaminant in meadow hay.

Keywords

Goatsrue, Galega officinalis L. GAGOFgalegine, 2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)guanidinePlant developmentplant defenseplant tissuepoisonousgaleginealkaloidtoxic compound
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 3 , September 2011 , pp. 349 - 352
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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