Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T19:29:58.374Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Factors in Examining Fate of Herbicides in Soil with Bioassays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Arnold P. Appleby*
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 973 31

Extract

A primary reason for studying the fate of a herbicide in soil is because of its potential effect, beneficial or detrimental, on plants. Herbicide concentrations in soil often can be accurately analyzed by chemical or physical procedures. But such quantitative measurements sometimes are not well correlated with plant response because of a number of interacting soil and environmental factors. If the question is not “How much herbicide residue is present in the soil?”, but rather “How much potential exists for herbicidal effects on plants?”, then the use of plants as one aspect of studies on herbicide persistence can be valuable. This paper addresses factors influencing the response of plants to herbicide residues under field conditions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Adams, R. S. 1965. Phosphorus fertilization and the phytotoxicity of simazine. Weeds 13:113116.Google Scholar
2. Andersen, R. N. 1981. Increasing herbicide tolerance of soybeans (Glycine max) by increasing seeding rates. Weed Sci. 29:336338.Google Scholar
3. Appleby, A. P., Furtick, W. R., and Fang, S. C. 1965. Soil placement studies with EPTC and other carbamate herbicides on Avena sativa . Weed Res. 5:115122.Google Scholar
4. Ashton, F. M. 1965. Relationship between light and toxicity symptoms caused by atrazine and monuron. Weeds 13:164169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Bailey, G. W. and White, J. L. 1964. Review of adsorption and desorption of organic pesticides by soil colloids, with implications concerning pesticide bioactivity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 12:324332.Google Scholar
6. Banks, P. A. and Merkle, M. G. 1979. Soil detection and mobility of fluridone. Weed Sci. 27:309312.Google Scholar
7. Barrentine, W. L., Hartwig, E. E., Edwards, C. J., and Kilen, T. C. 1982. Tolerance of three soybean (Glycine max) cultivars to metribuzin. Weed Sci. 30:344348.Google Scholar
8. Bingham, S. W. and Upchurch, R. P. 1959. Some interactions between nutrient level (N, P, K, Ca) and diuron in the growth of cotton and Italian ryegrass. Weeds 7:167177.Google Scholar
9. Brenchley, R. G. and Appleby, A. P. 1971. Effect of magnesium and photoperiod on atrazine toxicity to tomatoes. Weed Sci. 19:524525.Google Scholar
10. Burrill, L. C. and Appleby, A. P. 1978. Influence of Italian ryegrass density on efficacy of diuron herbicide. Agron. J. 70:505506.Google Scholar
11. Burt, G. W. and Akinsorotan, A. D. 1976. Factors affecting thiocarbamate injury to corn. I. Temperature and soil moisture. Weed Sci. 24:319321.Google Scholar
12. Calvet, R. 1980. Adsorption-desorption phenomena. Pages 130 in Hance, R. J., ed. Interactions between Herbicides and the Soil. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
13. Casely, J. 1970. Herbicide activity involving light. Pestic. Sci. 1:2832.Google Scholar
14. Colbert, F. O., Volk, V. V., and Appleby, A. P. 1975. Sorption of atrazine, terbutryn, and GS-14254 on natural and lime-amended soils. Weed Sci. 23:390394.Google Scholar
15. Corbin, F. T., Upchurch, R. P., and Selman, F. L. 1971. Influence of pH on the phytotoxicity of herbicides in soil. Weed Sci. 19:233239.Google Scholar
16. Dao, T. H. and Lavy, T. L. 1978. Atrazine adsorption on soil as influenced by temperature, moisture content, and electrolyte concentration. Weed Sci. 26:303308.Google Scholar
17. Dawson, J. H. 1963. Development of barnyardgrass seedlings and their response to EPTC. Weeds 11:6067.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Dewey, O. R. 1960. Further experimental evidence on the fate of simazine in the soil. Proc. Br. Weed Control Conf. 5:9197.Google Scholar
19. Doll, J. D. and Meggitt, W. F. 1969. Uptake and effectiveness of herbicides at different nutrient levels and combinations. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. No. 212.Google Scholar
20. Fadayomi, O. and Warren, G. F. 1976. The light requirement for herbicidal activity of diphenyl ethers. Weed Sci. 24:598600.Google Scholar
21. Freed, V. H., Vernetti, J. B., and Montgomery, M. L. 1967. The soil behavior of herbicides as influenced by their physical properties. Pages 107128 in Environmental and Other Factors in the Response of Plants to Herbicides. Oreg. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. No. 100.Google Scholar
22. Graf, G. T. and Ogg, A. G. 1976. Differential response of potato cultivars to metribuzin. Weed Sci. 24:137139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Grover, R. 1966. Influence of organic matter, texture, and available water on the toxicity of simazine in soil. Weeds 14:148152.Google Scholar
24. Gysin, H. and Knusli, E. 1960. Chemistry and herbicidal properties of triazine derivatives. Pages 289385 in Metcalf, R. L., ed. Advances in Pest Control Research, Vol. III. Interscience Publ., New York.Google Scholar
25. Harrison, G. W., Weber, J. B., and Baird, J. V. 1976. Herbicide phytotoxicity as affected by selected properties of North Carolina soils. Weed Sci. 24:120126.Google Scholar
26. Hoffman, D. W. and Lavy, T. L. 1978. Plant competition for atrazine. Weed Sci. 26:9499.Google Scholar
27. Horowitz, M. 1976. Application of bioassay techniques to herbicide investigations. Weed Res. 16:209215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Knake, E. L., Appleby, A. P., and Furtick, W. R. 1967. Soil incorporation and site of uptake of preemergence herbicides. Weeds 15:228232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Kratky, B. A. and Warren, G. F. 1973. Water-soil-plant interactions with terbacil. Weed Sci. 21:451454.Google Scholar
30. Ladlie, J. S., Meggitt, W. F., and Penner, D. 1976. Effect of pH on metribuzin activity in the soil. Weed Sci. 24:505507.Google Scholar
31. Ladlie, J. S., Meggitt, W. F., and Penner, D. 1977. Effect of trifluralin and metribuzin combinations on soybean tolerance to metribuzin. Weed Sci. 25:8893.Google Scholar
32. Ladlie, J. S., Meggitt, W. F., and Penner, D. 1977. Effect of atrazine on soybean tolerance to metribuzin. Weed Sci. 25:115121.Google Scholar
33. Lambert, S. M. 1966. The influence of soil-moisture content on herbicidal response. Weeds 14:273275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34. Lambert, S. M. 1968. Omega, a useful index of soil sorption equilibria. J. Agric. Food Chem. 16:340343.Google Scholar
35. Mapplebeck, L. and Waywell, C. 1983. Detection and degradation of linuron in organic soils. Weed Sci. 31:813.Google Scholar
36. Matsunaka, S. 1969. Acceptor of light energy in photoactivation of diphenylether herbicides. J. Agric. Food Chem. 17:171175.Google Scholar
37. McAuliffe, D. and Appleby, A. P. 1984. Activity loss of ethofumesate in dry soil by chemical degradation and absorption. Weed Sci. 32:468471.Google Scholar
38. McReynolds, W. D. and Tweedy, J. A. 1970. Effect of nitrogen form on simazine accumulation in corn, soybeans, and rye. Weed Sci. 18:270272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39. Minshall, W. H. 1957. Influence of light on the effect of 3-p-(chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea on plants. Weeds 5:2933.Google Scholar
40. Minshall, W. H., Sample, K. C., and Robinson, J. R. 1977. The effect of urea on atrazine uptake from soil. Weed Sci. 25:460464.Google Scholar
41. Mulder, C.E.G. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1978. Temperature effect on phytotoxicity of soil-applied herbicides. Weed Sci. 26:566570.Google Scholar
42. Mulder, C.E.G. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1979. Influence of moisture on soil-incorporated diclofop. Weed Sci. 27:8387.Google Scholar
43. Nelson, J. E., Meggitt, W. F., Penner, D., and Ladlie, J. S. 1983. The influence of environmental factors on oryzalin activity. Weed Sci. 31:752758.Google Scholar
44. Nishimoto, R. K., Appleby, A. P., and Furtick, W. R. 1969. Plant response to herbicide placement in soil. Weed Sci. 17:475478.Google Scholar
45. Okafor, L. I., Sagar, G. R., and Shorrocks, V. M. 1983. Biological activity of dinitramine in soils. I. Dose, death of incorporation, placement and depth of sowing. Weed Res. 23:191197.Google Scholar
46. Okafor, L. I., Sagar, G. R., and Shorrocks, V. M. 1983. Biological activity of dinitramine in soils. II. Soil organic matter and soil moisture content. Weed Res. 23:199206.Google Scholar
47. Parker, C. 1966. The importance of shoot entry in the action of herbicides applied to the soil. Weeds 14:117121.Google Scholar
48. Parochetti, J. V. 1973. Soil organic matter effect on activity of acetanilides, CDAA, and atrazine. Weed Sci. 21:157160.Google Scholar
49. Rahman, A. and Matthews, L. J. 1979. Effect of soil organic matter on the phytotoxicity of thirteen s-triazine herbicides. Weed Sci. 27:158161.Google Scholar
50. Rice, R. P. and Putnam, A. R. 1980. Environmental influences on the selectivity of diphenamid in seeded tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Weed Sci. 28:176180.Google Scholar
51. Ridley, S. M. 1977. Interaction of chloroplasts with inhibitors. Plant Physiol. 59:724732.Google Scholar
52. Ries, S. K., Chmiel, H., Dilley, D. R., and Filner, P. 1967. The increase in nitrate reductase activity and protein content of plants treated with simazine. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 58:526532.Google Scholar
53. Runyan, T. J., McNeil, W. K., and Peeper, T. F. 1982. Differential tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars to metribuzin. Weed Sci. 30:9497.Google Scholar
54. Santelmann, P. W. 1977. Herbicide bioassay. Pages 7987 in Truelove, B., ed. Research Methods in Weed Science. South. Weed Sci. Soc. Google Scholar
55. Schultz, D. P. and Tweedy, B. G. 1972. The effect of light and humidity on absorption and degradation of diphenamid in tomatoes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 20:1013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56. Shea, P. J. and Weber, J. B. 1983. Effect of soil pH on fluridone activity and persistence as determined by chlorophyll measurements. Weed Sci. 31:347350.Google Scholar
57. Sikka, H. C. and Davis, D. E. 1966. Dissipation of atrazine from soil by corn, sorghum, and johnsongrass. Weeds 14:289293.Google Scholar
58. Stanger, C. E. and Appleby, A. P. 1972. A proposed mechanism for diuron-induced phytotoxicity. Weed Sci. 20:357363.Google Scholar
59. Stephenson, G. R., McLeod, J. E., and Phatak, S. C. 1976. Differential tolerance of tomato cultivars to metribuzin. Weed Sci. 24:161165.Google Scholar
60. Stickler, R. L., Knake, E. L., and Hinesley, T. D. 1969. Soil moisture and effectiveness of pre-emergence herbicides. Weed Sci. 17:257259.Google Scholar
61. Stolp, C. F. and Penner, D. 1973. Enhanced phytotoxicity of atrazine-phosphate combination. Weed Sci. 21:3740.Google Scholar
62. Talbert, R. E. and Fletchall, O. H. 1964. Inactivation of simazine and atrazine in the field. Weeds 12:3337.Google Scholar
63. Upchurch, R. P. and Mason, D. D. 1962. The influence of soil organic matter on the phytotoxicity of herbicides. Weeds 10:914.Google Scholar
64. Upchurch, R. P., Selman, F. L., Mason, D. D., and Kamprath, E. J. 1966. The correlation of herbicidal activity with soil and climatic factors. Weeds 14:4249.Google Scholar
65. Vanstone, D. E. and Stobbe, E. H. 1979. Light requirement of the diphenylether oxyfluorfen. Weed Sci. 27:8891.Google Scholar
66. Walker, A. 1971. Effects of soil moisture content on the availability of soil-applied herbicides to plants. Pestic. Sci. 2:5659.Google Scholar
67. Walker, A. and Roberts, H. A. 1975. Effects of incorporation and rainfall on the activity of some soil-applied herbicides. Weed Res. 15:263269.Google Scholar
68. Weber, J. B. 1970. Mechanisms of adsorption of s-triazines by clay colloids and factors affecting plant availability. Residue Rev. 32:93130.Google Scholar
69. Weber, J. B., Perry, P. W., and Ibaraki, K. 1968. Effects of pH on the phytotoxicity of prometryne applied to synthetic soil media. Weed Sci. 16:134136.Google Scholar
70. Weber, J. B., Weed, S. B., and Ward, T. M. 1969. Adsorption of s-triazines by soil organic matter. Weed Sci. 17:417421.Google Scholar
71. Werner, G. M. and Putnam, A. R. 1980. Differential atrazine tolerance within cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Weed Sci. 28: 142148.Google Scholar
72. Wicks, G. A. and Burnside, O. C. 1965. Residues in soil one year after herbicides were applied to sorghum. Weeds 13:173174.Google Scholar
73. Wiedman, S. J. and Appleby, A. P. 1972. Plant growth stimulation by sublethal concentrations of herbicides. Weed Res. 12:6574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74. Wilson, H. P., Stewart, F. B., and Hines, T. E. 1976. Effect of temperature on response of tomatoes to several dinitroaniline herbicides and phosphorus. Weed Sci. 24:115119.Google Scholar
75. Winkle, M. E., Leavitt, J.R.C., and Burnside, O. C. 1981. Effects of weed density on herbicide absorption and bioactivity. Weed Sci. 29:405409.Google Scholar
76. Wu, C., Santelmann, P. W., and Davidson, J. M. 1974. Influence of soil temperature and moisture on terbutryn activity and persistence. Weed Sci. 22:571574.Google Scholar