Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T15:20:08.203Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Emergence timing and control of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in spring wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kristin M. Hacault  and
Rene C. Van Acker
Kristin M. Hacault
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In the northern region of the northern Great Plains of North America, the relative abundance of dandelion in field crops has increased over the past two decades, and farmers need information to help them to better manage this species and slow its spread. A study was conducted to determine the emergence timing of dandelion from both rootstock and seed, and to investigate the efficacy of preseeding (spring) versus postharvest (autumn) herbicide treatments on dandelion in spring wheat fields. Emergence of dandelion plants from rootstock was very early (mean time to 50% emergence [E50] of 430 growing degree days [GDD] Tbase 0 C), while seedling emergence was much later (mean E50 of 980 GDD). Dandelion does not have a persistent seed bank, and seedling emergence occurred only after dandelion plants arising from rootstock flowered and shed seed. Herbicide treatments that included glyphosate plus florasulam, glyphosate plus tribenuron, or higher rates of glyphosate alone (≥675 g ae ha−1), provided high levels of dandelion control. Autumn herbicide applications were more effective than spring applications for reducing dandelion infestation levels (both aboveground biomass and density). Autumn herbicide applications came after peak emergence timing for dandelion plants emerging both from rootstock and from seed. Because dandelion is a simple perennial, population spread must be limited by controlling seedlings. Autumn herbicide applications provide control of dandelion seedlings and therefore, should limit dandelion population spread.

Keywords

Glyphosateflorasulamtribenurondandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers, TAROFspring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. TRZAS ‘AC Barrie’Emergence perioddandelion floweringdandelion seedlingsdandelion rootstock
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 1 , February 2006 , pp. 172 - 181
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Blackshaw, R. E., Molnar, L. J., and Janzen, H. H. 2004. Nitrogen fertilizer timing and application method affect weed growth and competition with spring wheat. Weed Sci 52:614–622.Google Scholar
Boyd, N. S. and Van Acker, R. C. 2003. The effects of depth and fluctuating soil moisture on the emergence of eight annual and six perennial plant species. Weed Sci 51:725–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Mercurio, J. C. 1988. Vegetation management and corn growth and yield in untilled mixed-species perennial sod. Agron. J 80:454–462.Google Scholar
Bullied, W. J., Marginet, A. M., and Van Acker, R. C. 2003. Conventional- and conservation-tillage systems influence emergence periodicity of annual weed species in canola. Weed Sci 51:886–897.Google Scholar
Cardina, J. and Sparrow, D. H. 1996. A comparison of methods to predict weed seedling populations from the soil seedbank. Weed Sci 44:46–51.Google Scholar
Deubreuil, D. J., Friesen, L. F., and Morrison, I. N. 1996. Growth and seed return of auxin-type herbicide resistant wild mustard (Brassica kaber) in wheat. Weed Sci 44:871–878.Google Scholar
Donald, W. W. 2000. A degree-day model of Cirsium arvense shoot emergence from adventitious root buds in spring. Weed Sci 48:333–341.Google Scholar
Finney, D. J. 1989. Was this in your statistics textbook? V. Transformation of data. Expl. Agric 25:165–175.Google Scholar
Froese, N. T. and Van Acker, R. C. 2003. Distribution and interference of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in spring canola. Weed Sci 51:435–442.Google Scholar
Froese, N. T., Van Acker, R. C., and Friesen, L. F. 2005. Influence of spring tillage and glyphosate treatment on dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) control in glyphosate-resistant canola. Weed Technol 19:283–292.Google Scholar
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley. Pp. 187–207.Google Scholar
Gray, E., McGhee, E. M., and Carlisle, D. F. 1973. Seasonal variation in flowering of common dandelion. Weed Sci 21:230–232.Google Scholar
Hacault, K. M. 2005. Emergence timing and control of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) using fall or spring applications of glyphosate and florasulam in spring wheat fields. , University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. 150 p.Google Scholar
Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Panco, J., and Herberger, J. 1997. World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. New York: Wiley. Pp. 81–86.Google Scholar
Jackson, B. S. 1982. The lowly dandelion deserves more respect. Can. Geogr 102:54–59.Google Scholar
Khan, M. I. 1969. Regeneration in relation to root size in Taraxacum officinale Web. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res 12:310–311.Google Scholar
Kvalseth, T. O. 1985. Cautionary note about R 2 . Am. Stat 39:279–285.Google Scholar
Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., Hall, L. M., Brenzil, C. A., Andrews, T., Brown, K. R., and Van Acker, R. C. 2005. Prairie weed surveys of cereal, oilseed and pulse crops from the 1970s to the 2000s. Saskatoon: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Weed Survey Series Publication 05-1. 395 p.Google Scholar
Légère, A. and Samson, N. 1999. Relative influence of crop rotation, tillage, and weed management on weed associations in spring barley cropping systems. Weed Sci 47:112–122.Google Scholar
Letchamo, W. and Gosselin, A. 1996. Light, temperature and duration of storage govern the germination and emergence of Taraxacum officinale seed. J. Hort. Sci 71:373–377.Google Scholar
Litowski, A. and Jackowska, I. 1965. Observations on plant development XI: on the rhythm of flowering of Taraxaum officinale . Act. Soc. Botanicorum Poloniae 34:549–561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, H. and Cavers, P. B. 1979. The regenerative capacity of root cuttings of Taraxacum officinale under natural conditions. Can. J. Bot 57:1783–1791.Google Scholar
Martinkova, Z. and Honek, A. 1997. Germination and seed viability in a dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Agg . Ochr. Rostl. (Plant Protection in Czech.) 33:125–133.Google Scholar
Moyer, J. R., Hironaka, R., Kozub, G. C., and Bergen, P. 1990. Effect of herbicide treatments on dandelion, alfalfa and sainfoin yields and quality. Can. J. Plant Sci 70:1105–1113.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Neilson, J. E. 1981. Seed survival and periodicity of seedling emergence in twelve weedy species of Compositae. Ann. Appl. Biol 97:325–334.Google Scholar
Roggenbuck, F. C. and Penner, D. 1986. Susceptibility of common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber) to glyphosate and related compounds. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf 41:96.Google Scholar
Seefeldt, S. S., Jensen, J. E., and Fuerst, E. P. 1995. Log-logistic analysis of herbicide dose-response relationships. Weed Technol 9:218–227.Google Scholar
Sheaffer, C. C. and Wyse, D. L. 1982. Common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) control in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Weed Sci 30:216–220.Google Scholar
Silversides, W. H. 1938. A study of the eradication and ecology of the dandelion. . The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. 58 p.Google Scholar
Solbrig, O. T. and Simpson, B. B. 1974. Components of regulation of a population of dandelions in Michigan. J. Ecol 62:473–486.Google Scholar
Stewart-Wade, S. M., Neumann, S., Collins, L. L., and Boland, G. J. 2002. The biology of Canadian weeds.117.Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers. Can. J. Plant Sci 82:825–853.Google Scholar
Vavrek, M. C., McGraw, J. B., and Yang, H. S. 1996. Within-population variation in demography of Taraxacum officinale: maintenance of genetic diversity. Ecology 77:2098–2107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waddington, J. 1980. Chemical control of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) grown for seed. Weed Sci 28:164–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, P. R., Derksen, D. A., Thomas, A. G., Turnbull, G. C., Blackshaw, R. E., Leeson, J. Y., Légère, A., Van Acker, R. C., Brandt, S. A., Johnston, A. M., Lafond, G. P., and McConkey, B. G. 2001. Weed management and ecology in conservation tillage systems: determination of weed community changes in conservation-tillage systems. Weed Community Analysis Series, Publication Dow-2001-01. Brandon, MB: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 229 p.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. G. and Michiels, A. 2003. Fall herbicide treatments affect carbohydrate content in roots of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Weed Sci 51:299–304.Google Scholar