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Determination of Thiencarbazone in Soil by Oriental Mustard Root Length Bioassay

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Anna M. Szmigielski ,
Jeff J. Schoenau ,
Eric N. Johnson ,
Frederick A. Holm  and
Ken L. Sapsford
Anna M. Szmigielski*
Affiliation:
Soil Science Department, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
Jeff J. Schoenau
Affiliation:
Soil Science Department, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
Eric N. Johnson
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Farm, Scott, Saskatchewan S0K 4A0, Canada
Frederick A. Holm
Affiliation:
Plant Sciences Department, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
Ken L. Sapsford
Affiliation:
Plant Sciences Department, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: anna.szmigielski@usask.ca
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Abstract

Using an oriental mustard root length bioassay, thiencarbazone bioavailability and dissipation in five Saskatchewan soils was investigated under laboratory conditions. Thiencarbazone bioavailability was assessed at 0 to 3.9 µg ai kg−1. Thiencarbazone concentrations corresponding to 50% inhibition (I50 values) obtained from dose-response curves varied from 0.56 to 1.71 µg kg−1. Multiple regression analysis indicated that organic carbon content (P = 0.018) and soil pH (P = 0.017) predicted thiencarbazone bioavailability. Thiencarbazone dissipation was examined in soils incubated at 23 C and moisture content of 85% field capacity. Thiencarbazone half-lives estimated from dissipation curves were 9 to 50 d, and organic carbon content (P = 0.002) and soil pH (P = 0.008) were significant factors affecting thiencarbazone dissipation. Thiencarbazone bioavailability decreases and dissipation rate is slower in Canadian prairie soils of high organic matter content and low soil pH. Because root length of oriental mustard plants also was reduced by ammonium, therefore ammonium-containing or -producing fertilizers can cause false positive results for thiencarbazone soil residues. Canaryseed roots had the same sensitivity to ammonium as oriental mustard roots but were not inhibited by thiencarbazone. Therefore canaryseed root length bioassay was effective in identifying inhibition caused by ammonium toxicity. Use of oriental mustard root and canaryseed root bioassays together can aid in interpreting bioassay results for detection of thiencarbazone residues.

Keywords

Thiencarbazone, oriental mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. ‘Cutlass’canaryseed, Phalaris canariensis L. ‘CDC Togo’Thiencarbazoneoriental mustard root length bioassaybioavailabilitydissipationammonium toxicitycanaryseed root length bioassay
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 468 - 473
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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