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Response of a Chlorsulfuron-Resistant Biotype of Kochia scoparia to Sulfonylurea and Alternative Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Lyle F. Friesen ,
Ian N. Morrison ,
Abdur Rashid  and
Malcolm D. Devine
Lyle F. Friesen
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Sci., Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Ian N. Morrison
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Sci., Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Abdur Rashid
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci. and Plant Ecol., Univ. Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
Malcolm D. Devine
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci. and Plant Ecol., Univ. Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
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Abstract

Kochia growing on an industrial site where chlorsulfuron was applied repeatedly over several seasons was confirmed to be resistant to chlorsulfuron and several other acetolactate synthase (ALS) -inhibiting herbicides. In growth room experiments, resistant (R) plants were 2 to >180 times more resistant to five sulfonylurea herbicides and one imidazolinone herbicide (imazethapyr) than susceptible (S) plants, as measured by the ratio of dosages required to inhibit shoot dry matter accumulation by 50% (GR50 R/S). Similarly, in vitro assays of ALS activity indicated that from 3 to 30 times more herbicide was required to inhibit the enzyme from R plants than from S plants. Results of ALS enzyme assays indicated that R kochia was approximately equally resistant to metsulfuron, triasulfuron, and thifensulfuron, and 2.5 times more resistant to tribenuron than thifensulfuron. However, the response of R kochia growing in a spring wheat crop in the field was not consistent with results of the ALS enzyme assays. In field experiments, thifensulfuron at 32 g ai ha−1 had little effect on R kochia. In contrast, metsulfuron, triasulfuron, and tribenuron at 8 g ha−1 did not reduce R kochia seedling densities, but caused severe stunting such that 2 mo after treatment the shoot biomass of plants in untreated plots was four times greater than in sprayed plots. Herbicides with alternative modes of action including fluroxypyr, bromoxynil/MCPA ester, dichlorprop/2,4-D ester, and 2,4-D ester provided good control of R kochia in the field. Quinclorac did not reduce kochia densities, but surviving plants were stunted. To delay or avoid development of ALS inhibitor-resistant kochia populations, these alternative herbicides applied alone or in tank mixtures could be incorporated into a herbicide rotation.

Keywords

Bromoxynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitriledichlorprop, (±)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acidfluroxypyr, [(4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acidMCPA, (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acidquiaclorac (BAS 514.H), 3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid2,4-D, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acidkochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. #3 KCHSCspring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Roblin’Cross-resistanceacetolactate synthase inhibitionimidazolinoneKCHSC
Type
Weed Control and Herbicide Technology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 41 , Issue 1 , March 1993 , pp. 100 - 106
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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