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1 Further collections of essays that sample current debates include: Hodges, R. and Hobley, B. (eds), The Rebirth of Towns in the West, AD 700–1050. Council for British Archaeology Research Report, 68 (1988)Google Scholar; Cunliffe, B. (ed.), ‘Urbanization’, special issue of World Archaeology, 19 (1987)Google Scholar; Grew, F. and Hobley, B. (eds), Roman Urban Topography in Britain and the Western Empire. Council for British Archaeology Research Report, 59 (1985).Google Scholar

2 Stockwell, M., ‘Foundations and the archaeologist’ in Addyman, P.V. and Black, V.E. (eds), Archaeological Papers from York Presented to M.W. Barley (1984), 158–62Google Scholar; Orrell, J. and Gurr, A., ‘What the Rose can tell us’, Antiquity, 63 (1989), 421–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar; G.J. Wainwright, ‘Saving the Rose’, ibid., 430–5; Hall, R.A., The Viking Dig: The excavations at York (1984).Google Scholar

3 Piatt, C. M., The English Medieval Town (1976, paperback 1979)Google Scholar; Dyer, C., Standards of Living in the Later Middle Ages: Social change in England c. 1200–1520 (1989), 188–210.Google Scholar

4 For reappraisals of individual antiquarians' collecting see, for instance, Hobley, B., ‘Charles Roach-Smith (1807–1859), pioneer rescue archaeologist’, London Archaeologist, 2 (1975), 328–33Google Scholar; Schofield, J., The Building of London: From the conquest to the great fire (1984).Google Scholar

5 Hodges, R. and Whitehouse, D., Mohamed, Charlemagne and the Origins of Europe: Archaeology and the Pirenne thesis (1983).Google Scholar Subsequent work at Southampton qualifies some of their assumptions: Brisbane, M., ‘Hamwic (Saxon Southampton): an 8th century port and production centre’ in Hodges, and Hobley, , The Rebirth of Towns in the West, 101–8Google Scholar; while an alternative model is sketched in D. Hill, ‘Unity and diversity—a framework for the study of European towns’, ibid., 8–15.

6 These goals build on the research designs for Winchester and York that were developed in the 1960s. Biddle, M., ‘The study of Winchester: archaeology and history in a British town, 1961–1983’, Proceedings of the British Academy, 69 (1983), 93–129Google Scholar; Andrews, G., ‘Archaeology in York: an assessment’ in Addyman, and Black, , Archaeological Papers from York, 173–208.Google Scholar

7 Palliser, D.M., ‘Urban archaeology in Britain: a review of recent progress’, Ante., 2 (1975), 6–12Google Scholar; also, Biddle, M., ‘The future of the urban past’ in Rahtz, P. (ed.), Rescue Archaeology (1974), 95–111.Google Scholar

8 Sawyer, P.H. (ed.), Medieval Settlement: Continuity and change (1976).Google Scholar Professor Sawyer's much-cited gibe seems to have hurt. He qualifies it in his more positive ‘English archaeology before the conquest: a historian's view’ in Hinton, D.M. (ed.), 25 years of Medieval Archaeology (1983), 44–7.Google Scholar

9 Carver, M.O.H., ‘Forty French towns: an essay on archaeological site evaluation and historical aims’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 2 (1983), 339–78 at 372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

10 These are items one and four on a list of priorities for Bradford-on-Avon; Haslam, J., Wiltshire Towns: The archaeological potential (1976)Google Scholar, quoted in Drury, P.J., ‘The post-medieval period’ in Schofield, and Leech, , Urban Archaeology, 69.Google Scholar

11 This collection succeeds Schofield, J. and Palliser, D. (eds), Recent Archaeological Research in English Towns. Council for British Archaeology Research Report (Devizes, 1976), 10–11.Google Scholar

12 These are passing references to Dublin's environmental evidence. The paucity of Irish references remain despite T.E. O'Neill's suggestive work on that very ‘English’ urban phenomenon, the medieval Earldom of Ulster, and its caput at Carrickfergus: O'Neill, , Anglo-Norman Ulster: The history and archaeology of an Irish barony, 1177–1400 (1980).Google Scholar

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15 Though see now, Dyson, A., Documents and Archaeology: The medieval London waterfront (1989).Google Scholar

16 Research Priorities for Post-Medieval Archaeology (1988), ‘urban settlement’ 3–4.Google Scholar For a recent attempt to formulate a post-medieval research design for one city, see Atkin, M., ‘Post-medieval archaeology in Gloucester: a review’, Post Medieval Archaeology, 21 (1987), 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

17 Borsay, P., ‘Culture, status and the English urban landscape’, History, 67 (1982), 1–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Cunliffe, B., The City of Bath (1987).Google Scholar

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19 S. Mrozowski, ‘Exploring New England's evolving urban landscape’ in Staski, Living in Cities.

20 S.L. Henry, ‘A chicken in every pot: the urban settlement pattern in turn-of-the-century Phoenix, Arizona’; A. Praetzellis et al., ‘Artifacts as symbols of identity: an example from Sacramento's gold rush era Chinese community’ and E. Staski, ‘Border city, border culture: assimilation and change in late 19th century El Paso’, all in Staski, Living in Cities.

21 Donald A. Brown, ‘French Toronto — urban archaeology and cultural pride’, in Staski, Living in Cities.

22 J.A. Bense, ‘Development of a management system for archaeological resources in Pensacola, Florida’, in Staski, Living in Cities.

23 Bradly, J. (ed.), Viking Dublin Exposed: The Wood Quay Saga (1984), 47–8.Google Scholar Police estimates of 17,800 are quoted here and by Heffernan, but both use ‘accepted’ estimates of 20,000. Heffernan comments that this is roughly one in fifty Dubliners.

24 Toynbee, J.M.C., The Roman Art Treasures from the Temple of Mithras. London and Middlesex Archaeological Society: Special Papers, 7 (1986).Google Scholar Professor Toynbee's discussion of a sculptured Bacchic group found in the immediate vicinity of the Mithraeum incorporates an understated comment by the excavator. Several modern breaks were due to ‘the unwarranted introduction of two workmen … with the avowed object of hastening the final stages of the work’, ibid., 41; cf. Grimes, W.F., The Excavation of Roman and Medieval London (1968), 229–37.Google Scholar

25 Punch, 227 (6 10 1954), 439CrossRefGoogle Scholar; ‘a City developer’ quoted in Hobley, B., ‘City archaeology: archeological investigations in the City of London — before and after the Big Bang’, History and Archaeology Review, 2 (1987), 5–21 at 11.Google Scholar

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32 Emmott, K., ‘A child's perspective on the past: influences of home, media and school’ in Who Needs the Past? Indigenous values and archaeology, ed. Layton, R. (1989), 21–44 at 24.Google Scholar Cf. Gregory, T., ‘Whose fault is treasure-hunting?’ in Archaeology, Politics and the Public, eds Dobinson, C. and Gilchrist, R.. York University, Archaeological Publications, 5 (1986) 25–7.Google Scholar

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35 Biddle, , ‘The Study of Winchester’, 105.Google Scholar

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