Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-lvtdw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-31T13:56:48.248Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays, A Review and Prospects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2016

Masaki Fukushima
Masaki Fukushima*
Affiliation:
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8582, Japan

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The existence of extremely high energy cosmic rays (EHECRs) with energy above 1020eV have been reported by several air shower experiments. The sources of these cosmic rays were considered to be extra-galactic. Relevant high energy astrophysical sources were searched in the arrival direction of these cosmic rays but no appropriate candidates were found. The origin of EHECRs stays unexplained. We review the present status of EHECR studies and introduce several new experiments aiming to unveil its mysterious origin.

Type
Part 10 Non-Photon Astrophysics and the Future
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 214: High Energy Processes and Phenomena in Astrophysics , 2003 , pp. 399 - 408
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2003 

References

Abu-Zayyad, T. 2000, Nucl. Instrum. & Methods, A450, 253 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aharonian, A & Cronin, J. W. 1994, Phys. Rev., D50, 1892 Google Scholar
Baltrusaitis, R. M. 1985, Nucl. Instrum. & Methods, A240, 410 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berezinsky, V., Blasi, P., & Vilenkin, A. 1998, Phys. Rev., D58, 103515 Google Scholar
Berezinsky, V. 2000, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl., 81 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, D. J. et al. 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett, 71, 3401 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, D. J. 1994, Astrophys. J., 424, 491 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, Z. 2002, Proceedings of this symposium Google Scholar
Chiba, N. et al., 1992, Nucl. Instrum. & Methods, A311, 338 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chikawa, M. 2001, Proceedings of 27th ICRC (Hamburg), HE1.4-3 Google Scholar
Coleman, S. & Glashow, S. L. 1999, Phys. Rev., D59, 116008 Google Scholar
Proposal, EUSO, Extreme Universe Space Observatory, A proposal for the ESA F2/F3 Missions 2000 Google Scholar
Gorbunov, D. S. et al. 2002, Astrophys. J., 577, L93 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greisen, K. 1966, Phys. Rev. Lett, 16, 748 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamaguchi, K. et al. 1999, Phys. Rev., D60, 125009 Google Scholar
Kakimoto, F. et al. 1996, Nucl. Instrum. & Methods, A373, 572 Google Scholar
Kasahara, K. 1996, Proceedings of International Symposium on EHECR (Tanashi/Tokyo), pp221–230 Google Scholar
Koyama, K. 1995, Nature, 378, 255 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuzmin, V & Tkachev, I. 1998, JETP Lett. 68, 271 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landau, L. D. and Pomeranchuk, I. D. 1935, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 92, 535 Google Scholar
Migdal, A. B. 1956, Phys. Rev., 103, 1811 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagano, M., & Watson, A. A. 2000, Rev. Mod. Phys., 72, 689 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagano, M. 2003, astro-ph/0303193 Google Scholar
Pierre-Auger Observatory Design Report 1997.Google Scholar
Sato, H. & Tati, T. 1972, Prog. Theo. Phys., 47, 1788 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigl, G. et al. 2001, Phys. Rev., D63, 081302 Google Scholar
Takeda, M. et al. 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 1163 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takeda, M. et al. 1999, Astropart. Phys., 10, 303 Google Scholar
Takeda, M. et al. 1999, astro-ph/9902239 Google Scholar
Takeda, M. et al. 2002, astro-ph/0209422 Google Scholar
Tanimori, T. et al. 1998, Astrophys. J., 497, L25 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Telescope Array Project Design Report 2000.Google Scholar
Torres, D. F. et al. 2002, Phys. Rev., D66, 023001 Google Scholar
Uchihori, Y. et al. 2000, Astropart. Phys., 13, 151 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiler, T. J. 1999, Astropart. Phys., 3, 303 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshida, S. & Teshima, M. 1993, Prog. Theor. Phys., 89, 833 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zatsepin, G. T. & Kuzmin, V. A. 1966, JETP lett., 4, 178 Google Scholar