Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T23:41:49.252Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Oxford Movement, Marriage and Domestic Life: John Keble, Isaac Williams and Edward King

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

John Boneham*
Affiliation:
Aberystwyth University

Extract

While a number of studies have highlighted the theological and social importance of the household in nineteenth-century Protestant Britain, the significance of domestic life for the leaders of the Oxford, or Tractarian, Movement remains almost completely unexplored. In a sense this is unsurprising, since the movement, which began in the 1830s, emphasized the importance of recalling the Church of England to its pre-Reformation heritage and consequently tended to stress the spiritual value of celibacy and asceticism. Whilst B.W. Young has highlighted the importance of celibacy for John Henry Newman, the movement’s main figurehead until his conversion to Roman Catholicism in 1845, and other works have reflected upon the Tractarian emphasis on celibacy and tried to explain its origins, historians of the Oxford Movement have paid very little attention to the Tractarian attitude towards marriage and domestic life.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Jay, E. The Religion of the Heart : Anglican Evangelicalism and the Nineteenth-Century Novel (Oxford, 1979), 13148 Google Scholar; Davidoff, L. and Hall, C. Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class (London, 1987), 3219, 35764 Google Scholar; Knight, F.“Male and Female He Created them”: Men, Women and the Question of GenderGoogle Scholar, in Wolfre, J. ed., Religion in Victorian Britain: 5, Culture and Empire (Manchester, 1997), 2457 Google Scholar, at 27 Stott, A. Wilberforce: Family and Friends (Oxford, 2012), 24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2 Brilioth, Y. The Anglican Revival: Studies in the Oxford Movement (London, 1925), 2467 Google Scholar; for a general introduction to the Oxford Movement, see Hylson-Smith, K. High Churchmanship in the Church of England (Edinburgh, 1993), 12365.Google Scholar

3 Young, B. W.The Anglican Origins of Newman’s Celibacy’, ChH 65 (1996), 1527.Google Scholar

4 Faber, G. Oxford Apostles: A Character Study of the Oxford Movement, 2nd edn (repr. London, 2008), 21532 Google Scholar; Turner, F. M. John Henry Newman. The Challenge to Evangelical Religion (New Haven, CT, 2002), 42536.Google Scholar

5 ODNB, s.nn. ‘Keble, John (1792-1866)’, ‘Williams, Isaac (1802-1865)’.

6 ODNB, s.n. ‘King, Edward (1829-1910)’.

7 Church, R.W. The Oxford Movement: Twelve Years, 1833-1845 (London, 1891), 294.Google Scholar

8 Ibid. 320-1.

9 John Henry Newman: Autobiographical Writings, ed. H. Tristram (London, 1957), 137.

10 The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman, 5, ed.T. Gornall (Oxford, 1981), 154.

11 Turner, Newman, 435 Google Scholar; Chapman, R. Faith and Revolt: Studies in the Literary Influence of the Oxford Movement (London, 1970), 1047.Google Scholar

12 ODNB, s.n. ‘Keble’.

13 ODNB, s.n. ‘Williams’.

14 CfKnight, . ‘“Male and Female he created them’”, 2531 Google Scholar; James, J. A. Female Piety, or the Young Woman’s Friend and Guide through Life to Immortality (London, 1852), 58.Google Scholar

15 London, LPL, MS 4923, fols 6-9, J. Keble to C. Anderson, 7 December 1863, Epiphany 1864 (with permission of the Trustees of Lambeth Palace Library).

16 Jones, O.W. Isaac Williams and his Circle (London, 1971), 723.Google Scholar

17 Battiscombe, G. John Keble: A Study in Limitations (London, 1963), 178 Google Scholar; Coleridge, J. T. A Memoir of the Rev. John Keble, vol. 1 (Oxford and London, 1869), 2424.Google Scholar

18 MS 4923, fol. 4, J. Keble to C. Anderson, 9 November 1863.

19 Coleridge, John Keble, 1: 245.

20 LPL, MS 4473, fol. 151, W. J. Copeland to I. Williams, 5 June 1845.

21 LPL, MS 4476, fols 141-2, 153, I. Williams to J. E. Williams, both n.d.

22 Ibid., fols 137, 149, I. Williams to J. E. Williams, n.d.

23 Ibid., fol. 140, C. Williams to J. E. Williams, n.d.

24 Ibid., fols 140, 144, C. Williams to J. E. Williams, n.d.

25 Newton, J. A. Search for a Saint: Edward King (London, 1977), 412.Google Scholar

26 Randolph, B. W. and Townroe, J. W. The Mind and Work of Bishop King (London, 1918), 64.Google Scholar

27 Newton, Search for a Saint, 834.Google Scholar

28 Randolph, and Townroe, Bishop King, 1325.Google Scholar

29 Ibid. 135-44.

30 Ibid. 144-9.

31 Letters of Spiritual Counsel and Guidance, by the late Rev. J. Keble, ed. R. F. Wilson (Oxford and London, 1875), 233-4; Williams, I The Apocalypse (London, 1852), 2567 Google Scholar; Spiritual Letters of Edward King, ed. B.W. Randolph (London, 1910), 109.

32 Spiritual Letters, ed. Randolph, 48.

33 Ibid.

34 Newman, J. H. Loss and Gain (London, 1848), 1767.Google Scholar

35 Keble, J. The Christian Year (London, 1887 edn), 178.Google Scholar

36 Williams, I. Tract 80, ‘On Reserve in Communicating Religious Knowledge’, in Tracts for the Times, 4 (London, 1838), 3.Google Scholar

37 Williams, I. Thoughts in Past Years (London, 1848 edn), 50.Google Scholar

38 Dau, D.Perfect Chastity: Celibacy and Virgin Marriage in Tractarian Poetry’, Victorian Poetry 44 (2006), 7792 CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at 77-83.

39 Williams, I. Female Characters of Holy Scripture (London, 1870), 1819.Google Scholar

40 Ibid. 19.

41 Ibid. 205; King, E. Home Life: Being Addresses given at a Retreat for the Wives of Clergy (London, 1912), 1617.Google Scholar

42 King, Home Life, v.

43 Ibid. 16-17.

44 Reed, J. S. Glorious Battle: The Cultural Politics of Victorian Anglo-Catholicism (Nashville, TN, 1996), 220 Google Scholar, quoting Lockhart, J. G. Charles Lindley, Viscount Halifax, 2 vols (London, 1935), 1: 255.Google Scholar

45 Battiscombe, John Keble, 711 Google Scholar; Newton, Search for a Saint, 20 Google Scholar; Jones, Isaac Williams, 8.Google Scholar

46 LPL, MS 4477, fol. 6, unpublished manuscript of Isaac Williams’s autobiography.

47 Randolph, and Townroe, Bishop King, 21.Google Scholar

48 Sermons and Addresses by Edward King, ed. B. W. Randolph (London, 1911), 71-3.

49 Williams, I. Hymns on the Catechism (London, 1843), 3 Google Scholar; idem, Sacred Versesxs, with Pictures (London, 1857 edn).

50 Keble, Christian Year, 79.

51 Spiritual Letters, ed. Randolph, 17.

52 Newton, Search for a Saint, 16 Google Scholar, quoting Lincolnshire Archives, Larken Papers IV/I, fols 3-21.

53 Newton, Search for a Saint, 412 Google Scholar; Randolph, and Townroe, Bishop King, 64.Google Scholar

54 Spiritual Letters, ed. Randolph, 33-4.

55 Gelpi, B. C.John Keble and Hurrell Froude in Pastoral Dialogue’, Victorian Poetry 44 (2006), 724 CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at 11-18.

56 Boneham, J.Reserve and Physical Imagery in the Tractarian Poetry of Isaac Williams’, in Clarke, Peter and Methuen, Charlotte eds, The Church and Literature, SCH 48 (Woodbridge, 2012), 24658 Google Scholar, at 250-2; Härdelin, A. The Tractarian Understanding of the Eucharist (Uppsala, 1965), 605.Google Scholar

57 Tennyson, G. B. Victorian Devotional Poetry: The Tractarian Mode (London, 1981), 1148, 1323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

58 Froude, R. H. poem XXXVI, in Newman, J. H. ed., Lyra Apostolica (Derby, 1843 edn), 41.Google Scholar