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² See the articles collected in Cameron, A. and Conrad, L., eds, The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East I: Problems in the Literary Source Material, Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam 1 (Princeton, NJ, 1992)Google Scholar. Byzantine prophetic literature also flourished: see, for example, Mango, C., ‘The Legend of Leo the Wise’, Zbornik Radova Vizanštoloskog Instituta 6 (1960), 59–93 Google Scholar; repr. in idem, Byzantium and its image (London 1984), essay 16.

³ See, for example, Brenk, B., ‘Die Anfänge der byzantinischen Weltgerichtsdarstellung’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 57 (1964), 106–26 CrossRefGoogle Scholar and, despite its title, idem, ‘The Imperial Heritage of Early Christian Art’, in Weitzmann, K., ed., Age of Spirituality: A Symposium (New York, 1980), 39–52 Google Scholar; Kartsonis, A., Anastasis, The Making of an Image (Princeton, NJ, 1986)Google Scholar; Nersessian, S. Der, ‘Program and Iconography of the Frescoes of the Parecclesion’, in Underwood, P., ed., The Kariye Djami 4 (Princeton, NJ, 1975), 303–49.Google Scholar

⁴ See Walter, C., ‘Biographical Scenes of the Three Hierarchs’, Revue des études byzantines 36 (1978), 233–60 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and idem, Art and Ritual of the Byzantine Church (London, 1982), 137–44 Google Scholar, using slightly different terminology.

⁵ Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS gr.510, fol. 43V, discussed and reproduced in L. Brubaker, Vision and Meaning in Ninth-Century Byzantium: Image as Exegesis in the Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus, , Cambridge Studies in Palaeography and Codicology 6 (Cambridge, 1999), 119–21.Google Scholar

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⁷ Venice, Hellenic Institute, MS 5, fol. 192r, reproduced in Trahoulias, N., The Greek Alexander Romance, Venice Hellenic Institute Codex gr. 5 (Athens 1997), 433.Google Scholar

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⁹ Kazhdan, A. P. et al., The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, 3 vols (Oxford, 1991), 1: 651–53 Google Scholar, with additional bibliography, to which should be added Mimouni, S., Dormition et assumption de Marie, Histoire des traditions anciennes, Théologie historique 98 (Paris, 1995)Google Scholar and Daley, B., ‘“At the Hour of our Death”: Mary’s Dormition and Christian Dying in Late Patristic and Early Byzantine Literature’, DOP 55 (2001), 71–89.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Weitzmann, K., ‘The Origin of the Threnos’, in Meiss, M., ed., De Artibus Opuscula XL. Essays in Honor of Erwin Panofsky (New York, 1961), 476–90 Google Scholar, remains the classic study. Giotto’s much-vaunted Lamentation at the Arena Chapel is a straight crib from Byzantine images of the threnos.

¹¹ See Walter, , Art and Ritual, 137–38 Google Scholar. For another example from the same manuscript (Paris, MS gr.510, fol. 104r), see Brubaker, , Vision and Meaning, 137–41.Google Scholar

¹² See, for example, the sixth-century Vienna Genesis (Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, MS theol.gr.31), reproduced in the facsimile volume of Gerstinger, H., Die Wiener Genesis (Vienna, 1931).Google Scholar

¹³ Moscow, Gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii muzei (State Historical Museum), cod. 129, fol. 87r, reproduced in the facsimile volume M. Šcepkina, Miniaturi Khludovskoi Psalt’iri (Moscow, 1977). For another, slightly later, example, see Paris, MS gr.510, fol. 30V, discussed and reproduced in Brubaker, Vision and Meaning, 297–99.

¹⁴ The bibliography on Iconoclasm is immense. The most recent overviews are, from a theological perspective, Barber, C., Figure and Likeness: On the Limits of Representation in Byzantine Iconoclasm (Princeton, NJ, 2002)Google Scholar, and, from a cultural and historical perspective, Brubaker, L. and Haldon, J., Byzantium in the Era of Iconoclasm (Cambridge, 2009).Google Scholar

¹⁵ The patriarch Germanos (715–30) was an early exponent of this point, the implications of which were first explored by Martin, J., ‘The Dead Christ on the Cross in Byzantine Art’, in Weitzmann, K., ed., Late Classical and Mediaeval Studies in Honor of Albert Mathias Friend Jr (Princeton, NJ, 1955), 189–96.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Paris, MS gr.510, fol. 452r, discussed and reproduced in Brubaker, Vision and Meaning, 136–37. See also Sears, E., The Ages of Man: Medieval Interpretations of the Life Cycle (Princeton, NJ, 1986), 90–94.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS Vat.gr. 699, fol. 89r. On this image, see Kessler, H., ‘Gazing into the Future: The Parousia Miniature in Vatican gr. 699’, in Moss, C. and Kiefer, K., eds, Byzantine East, Latin West: Art Historical Studies in Honor of Kurt Weitzmann (Princeton, NJ, 1995) 365–75.Google Scholar

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¹⁹ Book 5.247: Wolska-Conus, W., ed. and trans., Cosmos Indicopleustès, Topographie chrétienne II, SC 159 (Paris, 1970), 358–59 Google Scholar. See Kessler, ‘Gazing into the Future’, esp. 366, whence the English translation.

²⁰ On which, see Brubaker, L., ‘The Christian Topography (Vat.gr.699) Revisited: Image, Text, and Conflict in Ninth-Century Byzantium’, in Jeffreys, E., ed., Byzantine Style, Religion and Civilisation: In Honour of Sir Steven Runciman (Cambridge, 2006), 3–24.Google Scholar

²¹ Paris, MS gr. 510, fol. 149r ( Brubaker, , Vision and Meaning, 131–32 Google Scholar); PG 35: 857–909 (the parable appears at 904 B14-C3).

²² Ibid.

²³ The scene is inscribed ‘Lazarus on the bosom of Abraham’.

²⁴ As we are told by the inscription: O ΠAOUCIOC EN TH KAMINΩ.

²⁵ See Plotzek, J. M., ‘Lazarus, Armer’, in Kirschbaum, E., ed., Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie III (Rome, 1971), 31–33.Google Scholar

²⁶ See, for example, Florence, Biblioteca Mediceo-Laurenziana, MS Laur. plut. 6.23, fol. 144r, reproduced in Velmans, T., Le Tétraévangile de la Laurentienne, Bibliothèque des cahiers archéologiques 6 (Paris, 1971)Google Scholar, fig. 243.

²⁷ Brubaker, , Vision and Meaning, 201–38.Google Scholar

²⁸ Ibid. 113.

²⁹ Vatican City, MS Vat.gr.1162, and Paris, MS gr.1208, reproduced in Hutter, I. and Canart, P., Dos Marienhomiliar des Mönches Jakobos von Kokkinobaphos, codex Valicanusgraecus 1162, Codices e Vaticanis selecti 79 (Vatican City, 1991)Google Scholar; Stornajolo, C., Miniature della Omilie di Giacomo Monaco (cod.Vatic.gr. 1162) e dell’Evangeliario greco Urbinate (cod.Vatic.Urbin.gr.2), Codices e Vaticanis selecti, series minor 1 (Rome, 1910)Google Scholar; H. Omont, ‘Miniatures des homélies sur la Vierge du moine Jacques (MS grec 1208 de Paris)’, Bulletin de la Société française de reproductions de manuscrits à peintures 11 (1927), 1–24. The most recent study is K. Linardou’s as yet unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, ‘Reading two Byzantine Illustrated Books: the Kokkinobaphos Manuscripts (Vaticanus graecus 1162 and Parisinus graecus 1208) and their Illustration’ ((University of Birmingham, 2004).

³⁰ Linardou, , ‘Reading two Byzantine Illustrated Books’, 43–46.Google Scholar

³¹ Vatican City, MS Vat.gr.1162, fol. 62v; Paris, MS gr.1208, fol. 80r: Linardou, , ‘Reading two Byzantine Illustrated Books’, 80–82.Google Scholar

³² Vatican City, MS Vat.gr. 1162, fol. 48V; Paris, MS gr.1208, fol. 66v: Linardou, , ‘Reading two Byzantine Illustrated Books’, 63–65.Google Scholar

³³ Vatican City, MS Vat.gr.1162, fol. 50V; Paris, MS gr.1208, fol. 69V: Linardou, , ‘Reading two Byzantine Illustrated Books’, 66–68.Google Scholar

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³⁶ See, for example, Brubaker, , Vision and Meaning, 281–90 Google Scholar, with bibliography.

³⁷ Kartsonis, Anastasis.

³⁸ See James, L., Light and Colour in Byzantine Art (Oxford, 1996), 103.Google Scholar

³⁹ Mouriki, D., Nea Moni on Chios: The Mosaics (Athens, 1986), pl. 48.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Diez, E. and Demus, O., Byzantine Mosaics in Greece: Hosios Lucas and Daphni (Cambridge, 1931)Google Scholar, fig. 100.

⁴¹ For a brief overview, see Kazhdan, et al., Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, 2: 1181–82.Google Scholar

⁴² See Gerstel, S., ‘The Byzantine Village Church: Observations on its Location and on Agricultural Aspects of its Program’, in Lefort, J., Morrisson, C. and Sodini, J.-P., eds, Les villages dans l’empire byzantin (IV^e-XV^esiècle), Réalités Byzantines 11 (Paris, 2005), 165–78.Google Scholar

⁴³ Underwood, ed., Kariye Djami; the Last Judgement sequence is closely studied in Der Nersessian, ‘Frescoes of the Parecclesion’.

⁴⁴ Brenk, ‘Die Anfange der byzantinischen Weltgerichtsdarstellung’; idem, ‘Imperial Heritage’.

⁴⁵ On Nicholas, see N. Patterson Ševčenko, The Life of Saint Nicholas in Byzantine Art (Turin, 1983); eadem, , ‘Canon and Calendar: The Role of a Ninth-Century Hymnographer in Shaping the Celebration of Saints’, in Brubaker, L., ed., Byzantium in the Ninth Century: Dead or Alive? (Aldershot, 1998), 101–14.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ See the references in notes 35–36 above.

⁴⁷ Kartsonis, , Anastasis, 40–67, 165–203.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Brenk, ‘Die Anfänge der byzantinischen Weltgerichtsdarstellung’.

⁴⁹ Karsonis, , Anastasis, 177–85.Google Scholar

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