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Trait stasis versus adaptation in disjunct relict species: evolutionary changes in seed dormancy-breaking and germination requirements in a subclade of Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia (Piperales)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Christopher A. Adams ,
Jerry M. Baskin  and
Carol C. Baskin
Christopher A. Adams*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
Jerry M. Baskin*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
Carol C. Baskin
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA
*
†Present address: School of Science and Mathematics, Shorter College, 315 Shorter Avenue, Rome, GA 30165, USA.
*Correspondence: Fax: +1 859 257 1717 Email: jmbask0@uky.edu
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Abstract

There are two ideas regarding changes in the physiological and ecological tolerances and requirements within plant lineages through geological time. One is that these attributes have changed very little, or not at all (trait stasis), and the other is that they have undergone considerable change (adaptation), as plants shifted to new climatic and vegetation zones. We tested these ideas for seed dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of four species in a subclade of Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia: the three temperate species, A. macrophylla and A. tomentosa (the basal species in the subclade) of eastern USA and A. manshuriensis of East Asia, and the Mediterranean-climate species A. californica endemic to California, USA. A long period at cold-stratifying temperatures was required for growth of the underdeveloped embryo and seed germination in A. californica, whereas embryos grew and seeds germinated in the other three species at warm temperatures, either before or after they were cold stratified. Thus, seeds of A. californica have either intermediate or deep complex morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), whereas those of the three temperate species have either morphological dormancy or non-deep simple MPD. Further, there were quantitative differences in temperature requirements for dormancy-break and germination between the Appalachian A. macrophylla, which did not differ from its sister species A. manshuriensis, and the lowland A. tomentosa. Thus, within this lineage there has been both trait stasis and divergence (adaptation) in the physiology and ecology of seed dormancy and germination.

Keywords

Aristolochiaembryo growthevolutionary changes in a lineagemorphological seed dormancymorphophysiological seed dormancytrait stasisunderdeveloped embryo
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , June 2005 , pp. 161 - 173
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

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