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Inbreeding depression and the cost of inbreeding on seed germination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2015

Jerry M. Baskin  and
Carol C. Baskin
Jerry M. Baskin
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40506-0225USA
Carol C. Baskin*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40506-0225USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40546-0312USA
*
*Correspondence E-mail: ccbask0@uky.edu
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Abstract

We review the literature on effects of inbreeding depression (ID) on seed germination for 743 case studies of 233 species in 64 families. For 216 case studies, we also review the relationship between mass and germination in inbred vs. outbred seeds. Inbred seeds germinated equally well as outbred seeds in 51.1% of 743 case studies, but better than outbred seeds in only 8.1%. In c. 50.5% of 216 cases, mass of inbred seeds was equal to (38.0%) or larger than (12.5%) that of outbred seeds. The magnitude of ID spans most of the − 1 to +1 range for relative performance for germination of inbred vs. outbred seeds; in contrast to what might be expected, seed germinability often is not negatively correlated with the coefficient of inbreeding (F) or positively corrected with population genetic diversity; neither heterosis nor outbreeding depression for germination is common in crosses between populations; and ID in most endemics is low and does not differ from that of widespread congeners. Our results on the effects of ID on seed mass and germination do not agree with the limited number of comparisons Darwin (1876) made on the effects of selfing vs. outcrossing on these two life-history traits. Recommendations are made on how to improve dormancy breaking and germination procedures in order to make the results of studies on ID more relevant to the natural world.

Keywords

dormancy-breaking/germination proceduresendemic speciesheterosismagnitude of inbreeding depressionmaternal environmental effectsoutbreeding depressionoutcrossing distanceseed mass
Type
Review Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 355 - 385
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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