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Sensitivity to hypoxia and microbial activity are instrumental in pericarp-imposed dormancy expression in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2019

Constanza P. Dominguez ,
María V. Rodríguez ,
Diego Batlla ,
Inés E. García de Salamone ,
Anita I. Mantese ,
Ana L. Andreani  and
Roberto L. Benech-Arnold
Constanza P. Dominguez*
Affiliation:
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales and Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
María V. Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal and Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Diego Batlla
Affiliation:
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cerealicultura and Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Inés E. García de Salamone
Affiliation:
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Anita I. Mantese
Affiliation:
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Botánica General, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Ana L. Andreani
Affiliation:
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Roberto L. Benech-Arnold
Affiliation:
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales and Instituto de Fisiología y Ecología Vinculado a la Agricultura, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFEVA-CONICET), Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
*
Author for correspondence: Constanza P. Dominguez, cdomingu@agro.uba.ar
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Abstract

We used two sunflower genotypes displaying pericarp-imposed dormancy at high incubation temperatures (i.e. 30°C) to investigate the role of the pericarp as a limitation to oxygen availability to the embryo (hypoxia), and its impact on embryo abscisic acid (ABA) content and sensitivity to ABA. Results showed that both genotypes displayed very different oxygen threshold values for inhibition of embryo germination when incubation was performed at 30°C. Expression of dormancy in one genotype was therefore related to exacerbated embryo sensitivity to hypoxia, whereas in the other genotype, the pericarp appeared to act as a more severe restraint to oxygen entry. Increased sensitivity to hypoxia was, in part, related to increased sensitivity to ABA, but not to alterations in ABA metabolism. The activity of pericarp-microbial communities (bacteria and fungi) at high temperatures was also assessed as a potential determinant of hypoxia to the embryo. Oxygen consumption in pericarps incubated at 30°C was attenuated with antibiotics, which concomitantly promoted achene germination. In agreement with the observed more severe oxygen deprivation to the embryo exerted by the pericarp, the bacterial load in the pericarp was significantly higher in the commercial hybrid than in the inbred line; however, the application of antibiotics strongly reduced the bacterial colony counts for each genotype. Different bacterial and fungal communities, assessed through their profiles of carbon-source utilization, were determined between genotypes and after treatment with antibiotics. This work highlights the relationship between enhancement of sensitivity to hypoxia with incubation temperature and seed dormancy expression, and suggests that microbial activity might be part of the mechanism through which hypoxia is imposed.

Keywords

abscisic aciddormancyHelianthus annuus L.hypoxiamicrobial activitypericarptemperature
Type
Research Paper
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , June 2019 , pp. 85 - 96
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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