Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-04T13:11:22.006Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Deep complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Viburnum plicatum var. formosanum (Adoxaceae) from subtropical mountains

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2021

Shun-Ying Chen
Affiliation:
Lienhuachih Research Center, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 43 Hualong Lane, Yuchi Township, Nantou County55543, Taiwan
Chiung-Pin Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City40227, Taiwan
Carol C. Baskin
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40506-0225, USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40546-0312, USA
Ching-Te Chien*
Affiliation:
Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei10066, Taiwan
*
*Correspondence: Ching-Te Chien, E-mail: chingtechien@gmail.com

Abstract

Viburnum is a temperate-zone genus that also occurs in mountains of South America and Malesia, and seeds of many species have morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Information on the level of MPD in seeds of species in various clades of Viburnum potentially would increase our understanding of the evolutionary relationships between the nine levels of MPD. Our aim was to determine the level of MPD in seeds of Viburnum plicatum var. formosanum that is endemic to mountains (1800–3000 m a.s.l.) in Taiwan and a member of the Lutescentia clade. The temperature requirements for embryo growth and root and shoot emergence and response of seeds to gibberellic acid (GA) were determined. No fresh seeds germinated during 16 weeks of incubation at 15/5, 20/10, 25/15, 30/20 or 25°C. Embryo growth and root emergence occurred during moist cold stratification at 5°C or at a temperature sequence of 15/5 to 5°C. During cold stratification, embryos length increased from 0.76 ± 0.06 to 3.40 ± 0.26 mm and the embryo length:seed length ratio from 0.20 ± 0.02 to 0.68 ± 0.07. In a temperature sequence simulating field conditions, embryos grew inside seeds at 5°C, roots emerged at 15/5°C and shoots emerged at 20/10°C. The optimum temperature for embryo growth was 5°C. Neither GA3 nor GA4 was effective in promoting root emergence. We conclude that seeds of V. plicatum var. formosanum have deep complex MPD, which is a first report for Viburnum. Dormancy release during the cool season at high elevations helps to ensure that seeds germinate at the beginning of the warm season.

Type
Research Paper
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barton, LV (1958) Germination and seedling production of species of Viburnum. Proceedings of the Plant Propagators’ Society 8, 126134.Google Scholar
Baskin, CC and Baskin, JM (2014) Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. (2nd edn). San Diego, CA, Academic Press/Elsevier.Google Scholar
Baskin, CC, Chien, CT, Chen, SY and Baskin, JM (2008) Germination of Viburnum odoratissimum seeds: a new level of morphophysiological dormancy. Seed Science Research 18, 179184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, CC, Chen, SY, Chien, CT and Baskin, JM (2009) Overview of seed dormancy in Viburnum (Caprifoliaceae). Propagation of Ornamental Plants 9, 115121.Google Scholar
Chien, CT, Chen, SY, Tsai, CC, Baskin, JM, Baskin, CC and Kuo-Huang, LL (2011) Deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two Viburnum species, with special reference to shoot growth and development inside the seed. Annals of Botany 108, 1322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clement, WL, Arakaki, M, Sweeney, PW, Edwards, EJ and Donoghue, MJ (2014) A chloroplast tree for Viburnum (Adoxaceae) and its implications for phylogenetic classification and character evolution. American Journal of Botany 101, 10291049.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donoghue, MJ (1983) A preliminary analysis of phylogenetic relationships in Viburnum (Caprifoliaceae s.l.). Systematic Botany 8, 4558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giersbach, J (1937) Germination and seedling production of species of Viburnum. Contributions from Boyce Thompson Institute 9, 7990.Google Scholar
Hidayati, SN, Baskin, JM and Baskin, CC (2005) Epicotyl dormancy in Viburnum acerifolium (Caprifoliaceae). The American Midland Naturalist 153, 232244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlsson, LM, Hidayati, SN, Walck, JL and Milberg, P (2005) Complex combination of seed dormancy and seedling development determine emergence of Viburnum tinus (Caprifoliaceae). Annals of Botany 95, 323330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landis, MJ, Eaton, DAR, Clement, WL, Park, B, Spriggs, EL, Sweeney, PW, Edwards, EJ and Donoghue, MJ (2021) Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum. Systematic Biology 70, 6785.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nikolaeva, MG (1977) Factors controlling the seed dormancy pattern, pp. 5174 in Khan, AA (Ed.) The physiology and biochemistry of seed dormancy and germination. Amsterdam, North-Holland.Google Scholar
Nikolaeva, MG, Rasumova, MV and Gladkova, VN (1985) Reference book on dormant seed germination. Leningrad, Nauka Publishers.Google Scholar
Phartyal, SS, Kondo, T, Fuji, A, Hidayati, SN and Walck, JL (2014) A comprehensive view of epicotyl dormancy in Viburnum furcatum: combining field studies with laboratory studies using temperature sequences. Seed Science Research 24, 281292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santiago, A, Ferrandis, P and Herranz, JM (2015) Non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Viburnum lantana (Caprifoliaceae), a new dormancy level in the genus Viburnum. Seed Science Research 25, 4656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walck, JL, Karlsson, LM, Milberg, P, Hidayati, SN and Kondo, T (2012) Seed germination and seedling development ecology in world-wide populations of a circumboreal Tertiary relict. AoB Plants 2012, pls007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, BSP, Lin, TP and Chang, TT (1998) Control of fungal growth with sphagnum for cold stratification and germination of tree seeds. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 13, 101108.Google Scholar
Yang, KC and Chiu, ST (1998) Caprifoliaceae, pp. 738759 in Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan (Ed.) Flora of Taiwan (vol. 4, 2nd edn). Taiwan, Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan.Google Scholar