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1935

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2009

Extract

Wednesday 2 January On New Year's Eve I saw Gielgud's ‘Hamlet’ at the New Theatre. (Lilian, Ida and Rosemary, in all the glory of her first long evening dress, and I taxied down to Kettners for dinner, on to the theatre – R's first Hamlet – and taxied home through streets pleasantly riotous with New Year's Eve revellers.) Gielgud, I thought, was better than when I saw his first Hamlet some four years ago, but is not wholly satisfactory. The cuts were few – a good deal of the political explanation went from Scene 1 but Fortinbras was retained and given his proper value in the last scene: there was an odd inexplicable cut in the play scene, Hamlet's renaissance mouthing of his quatrain being omitted – and the play was taken straight through with but one short interval. The Ophelia of Jessica Tandy was disappointing. She conveyed excellently the toppled brain in the mad scene, but with her slight physique and thin voice she did not convince one that Hamlet had ever had any amorous feeling for her, and there was no contrast between Ophelia sane and Ophelia mad. She used no flowers – this was no innovation, but in view of the description of her death it still seems to me that Shakespeare meant actual flowers to be borne. Hamlet followed the tradition of no portraits in the closet scene. The real weakness of Gielgud was that he never conveyed the bantering side of Hamlet's character – in the recorder speech he worked himself into a great and ranting rage, but to my mind Hamlet is quiet throughout, and his sudden turn on the two who would pluck the heart from his mystery was surely quiet – banteringly – whimsically – contemptuously. Frank Vosper as Claudius was excellent. […] The setting was a series of Tudor pictures which were so good that they distracted the mind too much. One felt that Ophelia had been cast for her part as a decoration. The lack of noticeable breaks in the action for changes of scene was achieved by the use of round elevated towers with steps – giving the stage a Craigian look. ‘Something too much of this!’ I thought several times – an apron stage would have been better. The Gielgud method robbed the quieter scenes of intimacy. But it was a good Hamlet, despite my quirks.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1998

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References

1 Hamlet by William Shakespeare. Performed at New Theatre from 14 November 1934 to 30 March 1935. Ran for 155 performances. Reviewed The Times 15 11 1934.Google Scholar

2 (Arthur) John Gielgud (1904– ): actor; kt. 1953.

3 Jessica Tandy (1909–94): actress & film star.

4 Frank Vosper (1899–1937): actor & dramatic author.

5 Reference to (Edward Henry) Gordon Craig (1872–1966): actor, theatre designer, dir. & author. Founder theatrical journal: The Mask.

6 (Robert) Patrick Gower (1887–1964): PPS to Bonar Law, MacDonald & Baldwin 1922–8; Chief Publicity Officer, CCO, 1929–39; Chm. Charles F. Higham Ltd 1935–56, Pres. 1956–.

7 (Howard) Kingsley Wood (1881–1943): Con. MP Woolwich W. 1918–43; PS Health 1924–9; PS Educ. 1931; Postmaster-Gen. 1931–5; Min. of Health 1935–8; Sec. for Air 1938–40; Ld. Privy Seal 1940; Chanc. of the Exchequer 1940–3; kt. 1918.

8 Harry Morison: Personal Ass. to Rothermere until his death in 1940.

9 Margot Asquith (1864–1945): Widow of the Lib. PM, Herbert Henry Asquith; styled Countess of Oxford.

10 Dr Hjalmar Schacht (1877–1970): German Reich Min., Pres, of Reichsbank until 20 Jan. 1939.

11 Stanley J. Bell: Daily Mail Bd., Managing Dir. to 1944; Dir. miscellaneous companies.

12 Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil (1830–1903): Con. MP Stamford 1953–68; Sec. of State. India 1866–7, 1874–8; Sec. of State, For. Affairs 1878–80, 1885–6, 1887–92, 1895–1900; PM 1885–6, 1886–92, 1895–1902; suc. 3rd Marquess Salisbury.

13 ‘It is my desire that you should have an agreement for two years from 1 January, terminable at the end of two years, at your present salary. You will be doing much more work for The Sunday Dispatch, but, if the paper makes the progress I am hoping, you can come to me in June next for a reconsideration of your remuneration.’ R. to C.B. 9 Jan 1935.

14 Randolph Churchill (1911–68): journalist & author; Con. MP Preston 1940–5; s. of Winston.

15 Dame Fanny Lucy Houston (1857–1936): philanthropist & eccentric; prop., Saturday Review.

16 (Herbert) Warner Allen (1881–1968): journalist & author; authority on wine; For. Ed. Morning Post 1925–8, London Ed. Yorkshire Post 1928–30 & contributor Saturday Review; For. Div., MOI 1940–1.

17 Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor (Bend'or) (1879–1953): served South Africa 1899–1900, European war 1914–18; sue. Duke of Westminster 1899.

18 Sir Robert Paterson Houston (d. 1926): Con. MP W. Toxteth, Liverpool 1892–1924; owner Houston Shipping Line.

19 Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Prince of Benevento (1754–1838): French statesman & political survivor.

20 William Luch Warden (d. 1942): Ed. Daily Mail 19311935Google Scholar, Dir. Associated Newspapers until 1939.

21 Francis ‘Jimmy’ Clark: Rothermere's confidential secretary.

22 Capt. Norman Macmillan (1892–1976): RFC, RAF 1916–19; test pilot 1919–30; Pres. NLA 1935–8; FRSA 1936–57; air correspondent Daily Mail 1936–9; RAFVR (Sqdn Ldr) 1939–45; author.

23 Evenutally agreed £1000 per annum, £300 expenses, £500 for articles for the press, and a secretary.

24 Robert Cannall (1908–1965): journalist; Daily Mail staff (Manchester from 1929; London from 1938); acting night Ed. 1940–50; Daily Express radio & TV correspondent 1950–65.

25 Montague ‘Monty’ Smith (1889–1969): journalist; Daily Mail 19111964Google Scholar; youngest- ever Lobby correspondent, later News Ed.

26 Caleb Rhys: political journalist Liverpool Daily Post.

27 Richard Eric Onslow Long (1892–1967): Con. MP Westbury 1927–31; 3rd Viscount Long; s. of Walter Hume Long (1854–1924): Con. MP Wilts. 1880–5, Devizes 1885–92, Liverpool W. Derby 1893–1900, Bristol S. 1900–6, County Dublin S. 1906–10, Strand 1910–18; St George's Westminster 1918–21. PS Local Govt. Bd. 1886–92; Pres., Bd. of Agrie. 1895–1900; Pres., Local Govt. Bd. 1900–5, 1915–16; Chief Sec. for Ireland 1905; Colonial Sec. 1916–19; 1st Ld. of Admiralty 1919–21; cr. Viscount 1921.

28 Arthur Carlyne Niven Dixey (1889–1954): Con. MP for Penrith & Cocklemouth 1923–35.

29 [?] George Malcolm Thomson (b. 1899): Beaverbrook's personal sec.; leader writer Daily Express, author & book critic Evening Standard.

30 Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (1874–1965): MP for Oldham (Con. to 1904 then Lib.), Lib. MP Manchester NW 1906–8, Dundee 1908–22, Con. MP Epping (later Woodford) 1924–64; Pres. BofT. 1908–10; Home Sec. 1910–11; 1st Ld. of Admiralty 1911–15, 1939–40; Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1915; Min. of Munitions 1917–19; Sec. for War & Air 1919–21; Colonial Sec. 1921–2; Chanc, of the Exchequer 1924–9; P.M. 1940–5, 1951–5; Con. Leader 1940–55; KG 1953.

31 J. Plat: Official Con. cand. for Wavertree by-election; secured 13,771 votes but pushed into 2nd place behind Lab. owing to R. Churchill's intervention.

32 ‘Auntie’ Marjorie Coles: cousin of Lilian Brooks and sister to Halstaff Coles, who gave Lilian away on her wedding day in 1916.

33 Paul Bewsher (1894–1966): author, poet, journalist. Port of London Authority 1912–14; Advertisers' Weekly 1914; RNAS 1915–18; RAF 1918–19; Sub-Ed Modern Transport 1919Google Scholar; joined Daily Mail staff 1920.Google Scholar

34 Price Brothers: printing & paper company.

35 Smith, F.E., Famous Trials of History (London: Hutchinson, 1926).Google Scholar

36 Harmsworth Brothers: Vere (1895–1916): & Harold Alfred Vyvyan St George (1894–1918). Both killed in action during European War, 1914–18.

37 Walter Greaves-Lord (1878–1942): lawyer & judge; King's Bench 1935–40, rtd. 1940; contested parliamentary seat, Ince, Lanes. Jan. & Dec. 1910; Con. MP Norwood 1922–35.

38 The Earning News 15 02 1935Google Scholar under headline ‘The Norwood By-election’: ‘An independent Conservative candidate is ready to step in at Norwood. He is a young man who has taken a life-long interest in Conservative politics. He served with distinction in the war. Among his leisure activities are novel writing and the encouragement of civil aviation. He is opposed to the Government policy on India. His participation in the election will depend on the attitude of the official Conservative candidate on India.’

39 Wilson ‘Jack’ Broadbent: Lobby journalist; Daily Mail & Sunday Dispatch.

40 James ‘Jimmy’ Henry Thomas (1874–1949): MP Derby 1910–36 (Lab. to 1931, then Nat. Lab.); Gen. Sec. National Union of Railwaymen 1918–31; Colonial Sec. 1924, 1935–6; Ld. Privy Seal 1929–30; Dominions Sec. 1930–5.

41 Claude de Bernales: Company Dir. various mining companies including Anglo-Australian Gold Development & Niluna Gold Corp.

42 Covering topics: unemployment and government critics; air rearmament.

43 At Rothermere's instruction.

44 Diana Bailey (1906–1963): eldest child & d. of Winston Churchill; m. John Milner Bailey 12 Dec. 1932, diss. 1935; m. Edwyn Duncan-Sandys.

45 Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill (1849–95): Con. MP Woodstock 1874–5, Paddington S. 1885–95; India Sec. 1885–6; Chanc, of the Exchequer 1886–7; styled Lord Randolph Churchill, father of Winston Churchill.

46 George Ambrose Lloyd (1879–1941): Con. MP Staffs. W. 1910–18, Eastbourne 1924–5; Gov. of Bombay 1918–23; High Comm. for Egypt & Sudan 1925–9; Colonial Sec. 1940–1; Con. Leader in HofL. 1941; Chm., British Council 1937–40; kt. 1918, cr. Baron Lloyd 1925.

47 John A. Slater (1889–1935): Con. MP Eastbourne 1932–5.

48 R. Findlay: Ind. Con. cand. in March 1935 Norwood by-election. Polled 2,698 votes (8.5%) but lost deposit. Stood on a platform opposed to the government's India policy. Seat was won for Con. by Duncan Sandys.

49 Lt. Col. Edwyn Duncan Sandys (1908–87): diplomatic corps, FO 1930–5; Con. MP Norwood 1935–45, Streatham 1950–74; disabled active service 1941; FS, WO 1941–3; PS, Min. of Supply 1943–4; Chm. of War Cabinet Ctte on V Weapons 1943–5; Min. of Works 1944–5; held ministerial office 1951–64; Chm. of International Exec, of the European Movement, 1947–50; cr. Baron Duncan-Sandys 1974.

50 George Frederick Steward (1884–1952): appointed Private Secretary (Intelligence) by MacDonald 1931; Chief Press Officer, HMG 1937–44.

51 (Henry) David Reginald Margesson (1890–1965): Con. MP Upton 1922–3, Rugby 1924–42; Ass. Whip 1924–6; Whip 1926–9; Chief Whip 1931–40; Sec. for War 1940–2; cr. Viscount Margesson 1942.

52 Marcus Reginald Anthony Samuel (1873–1942): Con. cand. unsuccessful N. Southwark 1929; Con. MP Putney 1934–42.

53 Vibart R. Dickson: Dir. & member London Ctte. Witwatersrand Deep Ltd.

54 Frame-up (London: Hutchinson, 1935).Google Scholar

55 George Ward Price (1895–1961): Journalist & author; European correspondent for Daily Mail for more than thirty years; Dir. Associated Newspapers; author Extra-Special Correspondent (1957).Google Scholar

56 (Robert) Anthony Eden (1897–1977): Con. MP Warwick & Leamington 1923–57; PPS to G. Locker-Lampson 1924–6, to Austen Chamberlain 1926–9; US FO 1931–4; Ld. Privy Seal 1934–5 & Min. for League of Nations 1935; For. Sec. 1935–8, 1940–5, 1951–5; Dominions Sec. 1939–40; Sec. for War 1940; PM & Con. Leader 1955–7; KG 1954, cr. Earl of Avon 1961.

57 Hargreaves Parkinson (1896–1950): financial journalist, used pseudonym ‘Lex’; wrote column ‘Notes for Investors’, Financial News; Ed. Financial Times 19381945Google Scholar; The Economist from 1945.Google Scholar

58 Covering the topics: survey; jubilee story; to make skilled workers; Liverpool a free port; telemetring.

59 Aneurin Bevan (1894–1960): Lab. MP Ebbw Vale 1929–60; Min. of Health 1945–51; Min. of Lab. & National Service 1951; Treasurer of Lab. Party 1956–60; Dep. Leader 1959–60.

60 Valentine Castlerosse (1891–1943): Beaverbrook journalist, columnist ‘Londoner's Log’, Sunday Express; Viscount Castlerosse; sue. Earl of Kenmare (Irish Peer).

61 François Marie Arouet de Voltaire (1694–1778): French Enlightenment writer & intellectual.

62 Reginald Berkeley (1890–1935): Lib. MP Nottingham Central 1922–4; playwright.

63 (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (1891–1964): Con. MP Wood Green 1935–50, Southgate 1950–64; journalist, Ed.-in-Chief Daily Express, 19291933Google Scholar; public relations counsel Gaumont British Picture Corp. 1933–5; Ed. Adviser Allied Newspapers 1938; kt. 1954.

64 Benito Mussolini (1883–1945): founder & Duce of Italian Fascist Party; Pres. Council of Ministers 1922–6; PM 1926–43; For. Min. 1924–9, 1932–6; Head of German puppet regime in N. Italy 1943–5.

65 Count Dino Grandi (1895–1988): Italian Amb. to London 1932–9; Min. of Justice & Chm. of the Fascist Grand Council, 1939–43.

66 Mrs Adelaide Wilson & Miss Judith Wilson: from Dublin, acted as companions to Rothermere. According to Brooks, R. proposed to his cousin Judith in 1938 following the death of his estranged wife, but the proposal was never taken further.

67 Vladimir Illich Lenin (1870–1924): revolutionary; Bolshevik leader & premier of Soviet Govt. 1917–24.

68 King George V(1865–1936): Prince of Wales 1901–10; King 1910–36.

69 Dr Joseph Goebbels (1897–1945): German Min. of Propaganda, 1933–45.

70 Miss Ravon: Rothermere's secretary.

71 Mercy Clarke, Lil's cousin.

72 Edward ‘Ned’ William Grigg (1879–1955): Lib. MP Oldham 1922–25, Con. MP Altrincham 1933–45. Private Sec. to Lloyd-George 1921–2; Gov. of Kenya 1925–30; PS MOI 1939–40; FS WO 1940, US 1940–2; Min. Res. in Middle East 1944–5; kt. 1920, cr. Baron Altrincham 1945.

73 Frederick Edward Guest (1875–1937): Lib. MP East Dorset 1910–22, Bristol North 1924–9, Con. MP Plymouth Drake 1931–7; Junior Ld. to Treasury 1911–12; Treasurer to the Household 1912–15; Coalition govt. chief whip May 1917–Nov. 1921; Sec. for Air 1921–2.

74 Edward Frederick Lindley Wood (1881–1959): Con MP for Ripon 1910–25; Pres, of Bd. of Educ. 1922–4, 1932–5; Min. of Agric 1924–5; Viceroy of India 1925–31; Sec. for War 1935; Ld. Privy Seal 1935–7; Ld- Pres. 1937–8; For. Sec. 1938–40; Amb. to Washington 1941–6; cr. Baron Irwin 1925, suc. 3rd Viscount Halifax 1934, cr. Earl Halifax 1944.

75 (George) Geoffrey Dawson (1874–1944): Ed. The Times 19121919, 19231941Google Scholar; edu. Magdalen College, Oxford. Known as Robineson until 1917, when he assumed the surname Dawson.

76 Francis Day (b. 1908): actress, singer, director.

77 Either Granville George Leveson Gower (1872–1939): diplomatic service 1893–1933; suc. 3rd Earl of Granville 1891; or Edgar Louis Granville (1899–): Lib. MP Eye 1929–51; PPS to H. Samuel 1931, to J. Simon 1931–6; cr. Baron Granville of Eye 1967.

78 Edward Arthur Donald St George Hamilton Chirchester Donegall (1903–75): Journalist, gossip columnist, Sunday Dispatch; war correspondent 1939–45; suc. 6th Marquess Donegall 1904.

79 Field-Marshal Hermann Goering (1893–1946): C. in C. German Air Force 1933–45; Comm. for the Four-Year Plan 1936; Pres, of Gen. Council for the War Economy.

80 Rudolph Hess (1894–1987): Dep. Führer; 10 May 1941 flew to Britain on unofficial peace mission, captured & treated as POW. Jailed for war crimes 1946 for life.

81 J. Emrys-Jones: journalist Sunday Dispatch, Ass. Ed. until 1935 when obliged to resign; then joined Daily Express.

82 J.H. Brebner: Sports Ed. Sunday Dispatch until 1935Google Scholar; later Dir. News Div. MOI.

83 Lesley Marsden, C.B.'s niece.

84 Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1878–1949): Con. MP Maidstone 1906–15; US Air 1920–1; Leader of the Senate & Min. of Educ., N. Ireland 1921–6; 1st Comm. Works 1928–9, 1931; Air Sec. 1931–5; Ld. Privy Seal & Con. Leader in the HofL. 1935; Pres., Northern Counties Area Con. Assoc. 1930–49; Ld.-Lt. Co. Durham 1928–49; Mayor of Durham 1936–7; styled Viscount Castlereagh 1884–1915, suc. 7th Marquess of Londonderry 1915, KG 1919.

85 John Rushworth Jellicoe (1859–1938): Royal Navy careerist; Commander of Grand Fleet 1914–16; 1st Sea Lord 1916; cr. Viscount Jellicoe 1918, 1st Earl 1925.

86 David Beatty (1871–1936): joined Navy 1884; Comm. 1898; Rear-Adm. 1910; Vice-Adm. 1915; Adm. 1919; Adm. of Fleet 1919; 1st Sea Lord 1919–27; er. 1st Earl of Beatty 1919.

87 Andrew Bonar Law (1858–1923): Con. MP Glasgow Blackfriars 1900–6, Dulwich 1906–10, Bootle 1911–18, Central Glasgow 1918; Unionist leader 1911–21; P.S. BofT. 1902–6; Leader of Opposition 1911–15; Sec. of State Colonies 1915–16; Chanc, of Exchequer 1916–18; Leader of HofC. 1916–21; Ld. Privy Seal 1919–21; PM & 1st Ld. of Treasury 1922–3.

88 Ernest Outhwaite (1875–1931): Ed. Leeds Mercury 1918–20; Dir. Associated Newspapers 1920–31; Rothermere's Ass.

89 John Knox (c. 1513–72): Scottish Protestant reformer.

90 Princess Stefanie Hohenlohe-Waldenburg: Hungarian temptress, spy & social beauty. On Rothermere payroll, but caused considerable embarrassment when sued in 1939 for breach of contract.

91 Edward, Prince of Wales (1894–1972): King Edward VIII 1936; abdicated to marry Wallis Simpson.

92 Extracts from the Brooks—Rothermere diary are entered in this edition in italics to distinguish them from Brooks' personal diary.

93 See appendix A.

94 Rupert Baring (1911–94): Royal Armoured Corps (TA); suc. 4th Baron Revelstoke 1934.

95 Dr ‘Uncle’ Bernard Price O'Neill: husband of C.B.'s Auntie Bessie. Regular visitor to family home on Sunday nights often bringing boiled sweets for the children. Often referred to as B.P.O'N.

96 [?] Gen. Hon. James Barry Munnik Hertzog (1866–1942): Boer military commander 1899–1902; Min. of Justice 1910–12; Min. Native Affairs 1924–9; PM 1924–39; Min. of External Affairs 1929–38. Leader Nationalist Party.

97 Gen. Percy Robert Clifford Groves (1878–1959): served France, Dardanelles, Middle East; Dir. of Flying Ops., Air Min. 1918; British Air Rep., Peace Conference 1919; Dep. Dir. of Intelligence, Air Min. 1939–40; author, Behind the Smoke Screen (1934).Google Scholar

98 Sir Hugh Trenchard (1873–1956): Chief of Air Staff 1919–29; Comm. Metropolitan Police 1931–5; Marshall of RAF; er. 1st Viscount.

99 Serge Koussevitzky (1874–1951): conductor & double-bass musician; conductor emeritus, Boston Symphony Orchestra 1924–49.

100 Gustav Theodore Holst (1874–1934): composer & trombonist; Prof, of Composition, Royal College of Music 1919–24, University College Reading 1919–23.

101 Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872–1958): composer.

102 Lady Ethel Snowden (1881–1951): Bd. of Governors BBC 1927–33, wife of Philip Snowden, Lab. politician.

103 Adm. Sir Barry Edward Domville (1878–1971): naval service from 1892; Ass. Sec. CID 1912–14; Dir. of Plans Div., Admiralty 1902–22; Dir. of Naval Intelligence 1927–30. Brooks had written to him previous day about Domville's lecture suggesting a new naval base at Rosyth. Copy also sent to Jellicoe.

104 Philip Cunliffe-Lister (1884–1972): Con. MP Hendon 1918–35; PS Trade 1920–1; Sec. Overseas Trade 1921–2; Pres. BofT. 1922–4, 1924–9, 1931; Colonial Sec. 1931–5; Sec. for Air 1935–8; Min. Res. W. Africa 1942–4; Min. Civil Aviation 1944–5; Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1951–2; Commonwealth Sec. 1952–5; changed surname from Lloyd-Greame 1924, cr. Viscount Swinton 1935, Earl 1955.

105 Arthur S. Fuller: Dir. of Associated Newspapers & Daily Mail & General Trust; Private Sec. to Lord Rothermere.

106 Ernest Bennet (1868–1947): MP Lib. Woodstock, 1906–10, Lab. Cardiff Central, 1929–31, N.Lab. 1931–45, Ass. Post-Master Gen., 1931–5; kt. 1930.

107 Malcolm John MacDonald (1901–81): Lab. MP Bassetlaw 1929–35 (Nat. Lab. from 1931), Nat. Lab. MP Ross & Cromarty 1936–45; US Dominions 1931–5; Colonial Sec. 1935, 1938–40; Dominions Sec. 1935–8; Min. of Health 1940–1; High Comm. in Canada 1941–6; Gov.-Gen. of Malaya & Singapore 1946–8; Comm.-Gen. in S.E. Asia 1948–55; High Comm. in India 1955–60; Gov., Gov.-Gen., & High Comm. in Kenya 1963–5; Special Representative in Africa 1965–9; s. of Ramsay MacDonald.

108 Joachim von Ribbentrop (1893–1946): German Amb. to London 1936–8; German For. Min. 1938–45.

109 Robert Gilbert Vansittart (1881–1957): entered Dipl. Corps 1902; Ass. Clerk at FO 1914; 1st Sec. 1918; Counsellor 1920; Sec. to Curzon 1920–4; Ass. Under-Sec. & Prin. Private Sec. to For. Sec. 1928–30; PUS at FO 1930–8; Chief Dipl. Adviser 1938–41; kt. 1929, PC 1940, cr. Baron Vansittart 1941.

110 Parliamentary Debates: 5th Series: House of Lards vol. 96 cols. 906–908, 15 May 1935.

111 Norman Edward Holden (1879–1946): snr. partner Haes & Sons; m. to Marion (d. 1946).

112 Herbert George Wells (1866–1946): novelist.

113 Wells, H.G., The Undying Fire: A Contemporary Novel (London: Cassell, 1919).Google Scholar

114 Wells, H.G., The Work, Wealth and Happiness of Mankind (London: Heinemann, 1932)Google Scholar. First published in USA 1931.

115 Edgar Middleton (1894–1939): secretary to Daily Mail Trust; author, playwright.

116 John Cowley (1870–1944): Ass. Cashier Earning News; Bd. Member of Daily Mail Trust, Vice-Chm. & suc. Rothermere as Chm. of Daily Mirror & Sunday Pictorial.

117 Frederick Alexander Szarvasy (d. 1948): dir. Daily Mail & General Trust, Chm. British Foreign & Colonial Corp. & other companies.

118 Godfrey Huggins (1883–1971): PM of S. Rhodesia 1933–53; PM of Central African Fed. 1953–6; cr. 1st Viscount Malvern 1955.

119 Lt-Col. Hugh Marshall Hole (1865–1941): Rhodesian administrator.

120 Patrick Joseph Henry Hannon (1874–1963): Con. MP Birmingham Moseley 1921–50; Vice-Pres., Tariff Reform League 1910–14; Gen. Sec., Navy League 1911–18; Dir., British Commonwealth Union, 1918–28; Sec., E.I.A. 1925–50; Pres., Industrial Transport Association 1927–37; kt. 1936.

121 Leander Starr Jameson (1853–1917): South African statesman; administrator, South Africa Co., Fort Salisbury 1891–5; elected Cape Legislative Assembly 1900; P.M. Cape Colony 1904–8; Pres. BSA Company 1913; cr. Bart. 1911.

122 Stephen J. Paul Kruger (1825–1904): Pres. Transvaal Republic 1882–1900.

123 Tom Clarke (1884–1957): author & journalist; Managing Ed. Daily News 1926Google Scholar, Ed. & Dir. News Chronicle 19261933Google Scholar; author My Northcliffe Diary (1931).Google Scholar

124 Dr Leslie Haden-Guest (1877–1960): Lab. MP Southwark N. 1923–7, Islington N. 1935–50; cr. 1st Baron 1950.

125 Evelyn Stannard: Brooks' secretary 1933–9. Left to marry in May 1939.

126 Jones, H.A., The War in the Air (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1935).Google Scholar

127 Count Camaillo Bensodi Cavour (1810–61): Kedmontese politician & restorer of Italian nationality.

128 William Douglas Weir (1877–1949): industrialist; Scottish Dir. of Munitions 1915–16; Dir.-Gen. Aircraft Production 1918; Sec. for Air 1918; Dir.-Gen. of Explosives 1939; kt. 1917, cr. Viscount Weir 1938.

129 Edward Chinnock, valet to Rothermere at Stody.

130 Sylvia Lynd (1885–1952): author.

131 Samuel John Gurney Hoare (1880–1959): Con. MP Chelsea 1910–44; Sec. for Air 1922–4, 1924–9, 1940; India Sec. 1931–5; For. Sec. 1935; 1st Ld. of Admiralty 1936–7; Home Sec. 1937–9; Ld. Privy Seal 1939–40; Amb, in Madrid 1940–4; Con. Party Treasurer 1930–1; suc. 2nd Bart 1915, cr. Viscount Templewood 1944.

132 John Nicholson (1822–57): soldier, adventurer & administrator.

133 Covering the topics: survey; Britain and Europe.

134 George John Holmes (1874–1937): Prop. & Ed. Investors' Chronicle, member Hackney Borough Council 1900–26; Chm. Thames Estuary Building Society.

135 A. Raven Thomson (d. 1955): ex-communist; joined BUF 1933; Dir. of Policy; Ed. British Union Quarterly.

136 Vernon Bartlett (1894–1983): journalist & broadcaster; Daily Mail 19151917Google Scholar, The Times 19191922Google Scholar; 1922; Dir., London office, League of Nations 1922–32; News Chronicle 19331954Google Scholar; Ind. M.P. Bridgwater 1938–50.

137 Harold Cardozo: journalist; Daily Mail staff; reporting Spanish Civil War from Franco side.

138 Russell and Harvey — from the Foreign Office.

139 Robert Dell (1865–1940): journalist & author; Paris correspondent, Manchester Guardian, subsequently Geneva 1920–1, Berlin 1922–4, Paris 1925–32, Geneva 1932–7.

140 Pierre Laval (1883–1945): French PM 1931–2, 1935–6, & For. Min. 1931–2, 1934–5; Headed Vichy Govt., executed for collaborating with Germans.

141 C.B. describes the scene in article ‘My peep at the War League’ Sunday Dispatch, 8 09 1935.Google Scholar

142 Baron Pompeo Aloisi (1875–1949): Mussolini's chef de cabinet at the For. Min. 1932–6, & Italian delegate to the League of Nations, Geneva 1935–6.

143 Frederick Edwin Smith (1872–1930): Con. MP Liverpool Walton 1906–18, Liverpool W. Derby 1918–19; Solicitor-Gen. 1915; Attorney-Gen. 1915–19; Ld. Chanc. 1919–22; India Sec. 1924–8; cr. Baron Birkenhead 1919, Viscount 1921, Earl 1922.

144 Douglas McGarel Hogg (1872–1950): Con. MP St Marylebone 1922–8; AttorneyGen. 1922–4, 1924–8; Ld. Chanc. 1928–9, 1935–8; Sec. for War 1931–5; Ld. Pres. 1938; Con. Leader in the HofL. 1931–5; kt. 1922, cr. Baron Hailsham 1928, Viscount 1929.

145 Walter Runciman (1870–1949): Lib. MP Oldham 1899–1900, Dewsbury 1902–18, Swansea W. 1924–9, St Ives 1929–37 (Nat. Lib. from 1931); PS Local Govt. Bd. 1905–97; FST 1907–8; Pres. Bd. of Educ. 1908–11; Pres. Bd. of Agric. 1911–14; Pres. BofT. 1914–16, 1931–7; Ld. Pres. 1938–9; Runciman Mission to Sudetenland 1938; cr. Viscount 1937, suc. 2nd Baron Runciman 1937.

146 Herbert Geraint Williams (1884–1954): Con. MP Reading 1924–9, Croydon S. 1932–45, Croydon E. 1950–4; PS Trade 1928–9; Chm., London Area Con. Assoc. 1939–48; Dir., E.I.A. 1926–8, 1931–41; kt. 1939, cr. Bart. 1953.

147 Commander Sir Charles (Worthington) Craven (1884–1944): RN (rtd); Dep. Chm. & Managing Dir., Vickers; Chm., Shipbuilding Corp; Pres, to British Employers Confederation; Controller-Gen., Min. of Air Production 1941–2; Industrial Adv. to Min. of Production 1943–4; kt. 1934.

148 Supporters of Ernest Bevin (1881–1951): Lab. MP Wandsworth Central 1940–50; Woolwich E. 1950–1; Min. of Lab. 1940–5; For. Sec. 1945–51; Ld. Privy Seal 1951; trade unionist, Gen. Sec. TGWU 1925–40, member TUC Gen. Council 1925–40.

149 George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950); playwright, critic, controversialist.

150 John Charles Montague-Douglas-Scott (1864–1935): Con. MP Roxburghshire 1895–1906; suc. 7th Duke of Buccleuch 1914.

151 Henry Gloucester (1900–74): Brother of George VI. Chief Liaison Officer, BEF 1939–40; Home Forces 1940–1. cr. Duke of Gloucester 1928.

152 Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke (1843–1911): Lib. MP Chelsea 1868–86, Forest of Dean 1892–1911; PUS, FO 1880–2; Pres. Local Govt. Bd. 1882–5; suc. and Bart. 1869.

153 Charles Stewart Parnell (1846–91): Irish MP 1875–91; Chm. of Irish Parliamentary Party 1880–91.

154 Grover Cleveland (1837–1908): US Pres. (Democrat) 1885–9, 1892–7; trustee Princeton University 1901.

155 James Gillespie Blaine (1830–93): US politician; Speaker, House of Representatives 1861, 1862; sat House of Representatives 1863–76; Senator 1876–81; Sec. of State 1881, 1889–92.

156 Derek Colclough Walker-Smith (1910–92): Author, Neville Chamberlain: Man of Peace (1939)Google Scholar; Con. MP Hertford 1945–55, Herts. E. 1955–83; P. S., BofT. 1955–6; Min., BofT. 1957; Min. of Health 1957–60; Mem., European Parliament 1973–9; kt. 1960, cr. Baron Broxbourne 1983.

157 Jonah Walker-Smith (1874–1964): Con. MP Barrow-in-Furness 1931–45; Controller of Housing and Town Planning, Local Govt. Bd. for Scotland 1910–19; Dir. of Housing, Min. of Health 1919–25; kt. 1925.

158 (Joseph) Hilaire (Pierre) Belloc (1871–1953): Lib. MP Salford South 1906–10; poet & historian.

159 Frank Leonard Fitzhugh (d. 1944): Ed. Evening News 19241944.Google Scholar

160 (Alfred) Duff Cooper (1890–1954): Con. MP Oldham 1924–9, St. George's 1931–45; FS WO 1928–9, 1931–4; FST 1934–5; Sec. for War 1935–7; 1st Ld. of Admiralty 1937–8; MOI 1940–1; Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1941–3; British rep. with Free French 1943–4; Amb. in Paris 1944–7; cr. Viscount Norwich 1952.

161 Raymond Needham (d. 1965): lawyer, called to Bar, Middle Temple 1908, active 1920–40, 1943–; WO 1915–6; PS, MOI 1917–19; Air Min. 1919; Dir., MOI 1939; Hon. Counsels to Finnish Legation, London 1940; Air Supply Bd. 1940–6; kt. 1957.

162 Arthur L. Cranfield (1892–1957): Ass. Ed. & Ed. of Daily Mail 19351938Google Scholar; Ed. of Star 19411957.Google Scholar

163 Albert Victor Alexander (1885–1965): Lab. MP Sheffield Hillsborough 1922–31, 1935–50; PS Trade 1924; 1st Ld. of Admiralty 1929–31, 1940–5, 1945–6; Min. without Portfolio 1946; Min. of Defence 1946–50; Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1950–1; Lab. Leader in the HofL. 1955–64; cr. Viscount Alexander of Hillsborough 1950, cr. Earl 1963.

164 Victor Alexander Cazalet (1896–1943): Con. MP Chippenham 1924–43; PPS to Cunliffe-Lister 1924–7, to J. H. Thomas 1931; Liaison Officer with Polish Forces 1940–3; Killed in air crash off Gibraltar with Gen. Sikorski.

165 Christopher Richard Wynne Nevinson (1889–1946): artist; s. of Henry Nevinson.

166 James Rennell Rodd (1858–1941): diplomat 1883–1919; Con. M.P. Marylebone 1928–32; cr. 1st Baron Rennell 1933.

167 John Hartman Morgan (1876–1955): barrister and journalist: Literary staff Daily Chronicle 19011903Google Scholar; leader writer Manchester Guardian 19041905Google Scholar; army service 1914–19; counsel India Defence League 1933–4; counsel Indian Chamber of Princes 1934–7; Adviser to US War Crimes Commission 1947–9; author Viscount Morley: An Appreciation (1924).Google Scholar

168 Murray Fraser Sueter (1872–1960): Con. MP Hertford 1921–45; entered Navy 1886; Ass. to Dir. of Naval Ordnance 1903–5; member of Advisory Ctte. on Aeronautics 1908–17; Dir. RNAS 1911–15; Rear-Adm 1920; kt. 1934.

169 Oliver Edwin Simmonds (1897–1985): aircraft producer & inventor; Con. MP Birmingham Duddeston 1931–45; member exec. Ctte., 1922 Ctte. 1938–45; Chm. Air Transport Ctte., FBI.

170 Wilfred Hope Hindle (1903–67): journalist, Yorkshire Post 1926Google Scholar; The Times 19271933Google Scholar; Evening Standard 19341936Google Scholar; Morning Post 19361937Google Scholar; Ed. Review of Reviews 19331936Google Scholar; diplomat 1938–43; United Nations officer 1947–64.

171 Eric Drummond (1876–1951): Sec. Gen. of League of Nations, 1933–40; Amb. to Rome 1933–9; suc. 16th Earl of Perth 1937.

172 Michael Joseph: banker; s. of Leopold Joseph.

173 (Joseph) Austen Chamberlain (1863–1937): MP Worcs. E. 1892–1914 (LU to 1912, then Con.), Con. MP Birmingham W. 1914–37; Postmaster-Gen. 1902–3; Chanc, of the Exchequer 1903–5, 1919–21; India Sec. 1915–17; Member of War Cabinet 1918–19; Ld. Privy Seal 1921–2; For. Sec. 1924–9; 1st Ld. of Admiralty 1931; Con. Leader 1921–2; KG 1925.

174 Collin's birthday.