Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-21T23:55:16.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Disorders of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2008

Ian R Crossley*
Affiliation:
Cirencester Hospital, UK
*
Dr Ian R Crossley, Cirencester Hospital, The Querns, Tetbury Road, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 1UY, UK.

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Clinical geriatrics
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Wynne, HA, Cope, LH, Mutch, E, Rawlins, MD, Woodhouse, KW, James, OFW. The effect of age upon liver volume and apparent liver blood flow in healthy man. Hepatology 1989;; 9: 297–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2Marchesini, G, Bianchi, GP, Fabbri, A et al. Synthesis of urea after a protein-rich meal in normal man in relation to ageing. Age Ageing 1990; 19: 410.Google Scholar
3Brouwer, A, Horan, MA, Barelds, KG, Knook, DL. Cellular ageing of the reticuloendothelial system. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1986; 5: 317–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Einarsson, K, Nilsell, K, Leigd, B, Angelin, B. Influence of age on secretion of cholesterol and synthesis of bile acids by the liver. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 277–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Laugier, R, Boustiere, C, Hubert, J, Sarles, H. Evolution de la secretion pancreatique exocrine en fonction de l'age. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1985; 25: 203–16.Google Scholar
6Wilkinson, GR, Shand, DG. A physiological approach to hepatic drug clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975; 18: 377–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Blaschke, TF. Protein binding and kinetics of drugs in liver disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 1977; 2: 3244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Woodhouse, AW, James, OFW. Hepatic drug metabolism and ageing. Br Med Bull 1990; 46: 2235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9O'Malley, K, Krooks, J, Duke, E et al. Effect of age and sex on human drug metabolism. Br Med J 1971; 3: 607609.Google Scholar
10Posner, J, Danhof, M, Tewnissen, MWE et al. The disposition of anti-pyrine and its metabolites in young and elderly healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1987; 24: 5155.Google Scholar
11Swiff, CG, Homeida, M, Halliwell, M et al. Antipyrine disposition and liver size in the elderly. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1978; 14: 149–52.Google Scholar
12Greeblatt, DJ, Sellers, EM, Shader, RI. Drug disposition in old age. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 1081–87.Google Scholar
13Kato, R, Vassanilli, P, Frontino, G. Variation in the activity of liver microsomal drug metabolising enzymes in rats in relation to age. Biochem Pharmacol 1964; 12: 1037–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Wynne, HA, Mutch, E, James, OFW, Wright, P, Rawlins, MD, Woodhouse, KW. The effect of age on the affinity of microsomal mono-oxygenase enzymes for substrate in human liver. Age Ageing 1988; 17: 401405.Google Scholar
15Sutter, MA, Wood, WG, Williamson, LS et al. Comparison of the hepatic mixed function oxidase system of young adult and old non-human primates (Macaca nenestrina). Biochem Pharmacol 1985; 34: 2983–87.Google Scholar
16Maloney, AG, Schmucker, DL, Vessey, DS et al. The effects of ageing on the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase system of male and female monkeys. Hepatology 1986; 6: 282–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Woodhouse, KW, Mutch, E, Williams, EM et al. The effect of age on pathways of drug metabolism in the human liver. Age Ageing 1984; 13: 328–34.Google Scholar
18Marchesini, G, Bua, V, Brunori, A et al. Galactose elimination capacity in liver volume in ageing man. Hepatology 1988; 8: 1979–83.Google Scholar
19Wallace, SM, Verbeek, RK. Plasma protein binding of drugs in the elderly. Clin Pharamacokinet 1987; 12: 4172.Google Scholar
20Saint-Marc Girardin, MF, LeMiner, M, Alpero-Vilch, A et al. Computer aided selection of diagnostic tests in jaundiced patients. Gut 1985; 26: 961–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21Chapman, RW. Primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 1985; 1: 179–86.Google Scholar
22Alter, HJ, Deinstag, JL. The evolving spectrum of non-A non-B hepatitis. In: Chisar, FV ed. Advances in hepatitis research. New York: Masson, 1984: 281–92.Google Scholar
23Goodson, JD, Taylor, PA, Campion, EW, Richter, JM, Wands, J. The clinical course of acute hepatitis in elderly patients. Arch Intern Med 1982; 142:1485–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Mackay, IR, Wood, IJ. Lupoid hepatitis: a comparison of 22 cases with other types of chronic liver disease. Q J Med 1962; 31: 485507.Google Scholar
25Read, AE, Sherlock, S, Harrison, CV. Active juvenile cirrhosis considered as part of a systemic disease and the effect of corticosteroid therapy. Gut 1963; 4: 378–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Cook, CG, Mulligan, R, Sherlock, S. Controlled prospective trial of corticosteroid therapy on active chronic hepatitis. Q J Med 1971; 40: 159–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Solloway, RD, Summerskill, WHJ, Baggenstoss, AH et al. Clinical biochemical and histological remission of severe chronic active liver disease. A controlled study of treatments and early prognosis. Gastroenterology 1972; 63: 820–33.Google Scholar
28Wang, KK, Czaja, AJ. Corticosteroid treatment of hepatitis B surface antigen negative chronic active hepatitis in post-menopausal women – a retrospective analysis. Gastroenterology 1989; 97: 1288–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Israel, Y, Videla, L, Bernstein, J. Hypermetabolic state after chronic ethnol consumption. Hormonal interrelations and pathogenic implications. Fed Proc 1975; 34: 2052–59.Google Scholar
30Saunders, JB, Haines, A, Portaman, B et al. Accelerated development of alcoholic cirrhosis in patients with HLA-B8. Lancet 1982; i: 1381–84.Google Scholar
31Crossley, IR, Neuberger, J, Saunders, JB, Davies, M, Williams, R. The role of ethnol metabolism in the generation of new antigenic determinents on liver cells. Gut 1986; 27: 186–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Bridgewater, R, Leigh, S, James, OFW, Potter, JF. Alcohol consumption and dependence in elderly patients in an urban community. Br Med J 1987; 295: 884–85.Google Scholar
33Woodhouse, KW, James, OFW. Alcoholic liver disease in the elderly: presentation and outcome. Age Ageing 1985; 14: 113–18.Google Scholar
34Potter, JF, James, OFW. Clinical features and prognosis of alcoholic liver disease in respect of advancing age. Gerontology 1987; 33: 380–87.Google Scholar
35Orrego, H, Kalant, H, Israel, Y et al. Effect of short term therapy with propylthiouracial in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology 1979; 76: 105–15.Google Scholar
36Halle, P, Par, P, Kapstein, E et al. Double blind controlled trial of propylthiouracial in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 925–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37Porter, HP, Simon, FR, Hope, CE et al. Corticosteroid therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis; a double blind drug trial. N Engl J Med 1971; 284: 1350–55.Google Scholar
38Crossley, IR, Williams, R. Nutrition and the liver and pancreas. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 1987; 3: 321–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Beswick, DR, Boyer, JL. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1984; 4: 2932S.Google Scholar
40Christensen, E, Crowe, J, Doniach, D et al. Clinical pattern and course of disease in primary biliary cirrhosis based on analysis of 236 patients. Gastroenterology 1980; 78: 236–46.Google Scholar
41Shepherd, AN, Bedford, GJ, Hill, A, Bouchier, IAD. Primary biliary cirrhosis, dark adaptology, electro-oculography, and vitamin A state. Br Med J 1984; 289: 1484–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42Roll, J, Bowyer, JL, Barry, D, Klatskin, G. The prognostic importance of clinical and histological features in asymptomatic and symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1983; 308: 17.Google Scholar
43Lehman, AB, Bassendine, MF, James, OFW, Primary biliary cirrhosis – a different disease in the elderly? Gerontology 1985; 31: 186–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44Berg, PA, Lindenborn-Fotinos, J, Klein, R, Kloppel, W. ATPase-associated antigen (M2); antigen for serological diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1982; ii: 1423–27.Google Scholar
45Mann, M, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH. A mitochondrial antigen antibody system in cholestatic liver disease detected by radio-immuno assay. Hepatology 1982; 3: 1.Google Scholar
46Heathcote, J, Ross, A, Sherlock, S. A prospective control trial of azathioprine in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1976; 70: 656–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47Matloff, DS, Alpert, E, Resnick, RH, Kaplan, MM. A prospective trial of D penicillamine in primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 319–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48Epstein, O, Lee, RJ, Boss, AM et al. D penicillamine treatment improves survival in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1981; i: 1275–77.Google Scholar
49Poupon, R, Poupon, RE, Calmus, Y, Chretien, Y, Ballet, F, Darnis, F. Is ursodeoxycholic acid an effective treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis? Lancet 1987; i: 834–36.Google Scholar
50Bachs, L, Pares, A, Elena, M, Piera, C, Rodes, J. Comparison of rifampicin with phenobarbitone for treatment of pruritus in biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1989; i: 574–76.Google Scholar
51Thornton, JR, Heaton, KW, Espiner, HJ, Eltringham, WK. Empyema of the gall bladder – reappraisal of a neglected disease. Gut 1983; 24: 1183–85.Google Scholar
52Williamson, BWA, Simpson, CJ, McLatchie, G et al. Prospective randomised trial of early versus delayed surgery for acute biliary tract disease. Gut 1984; 25: 1140–41.Google Scholar
53Sandier, RS. Biliary tract surgery in the elderly. J Gen Intern Med 1987; 2: 149–54.Google Scholar
54Abate, MA. Medical management of cholesterol stones. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1986; 20: 106–15.Google Scholar
55Northfield, PC, Maudgal, DP. Oral medical therapy. In: Bateson, MC ed. Gallstone disease and its management. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1986: 203–27.Google Scholar
56Houghton, PJW, Donaldson, LA. Elective biliary surgery – a safe procedure. Geriatric Med 1983; 13: 814–16.Google Scholar
57Sackmann, M, Delius, M, Sauerbruch, T et al. Shockwave lithotripsy of gallbladder stones. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 391–97.Google Scholar
58McSherry, CF, Glen, F. The incidence and causes of death following surgery for non malignant biliary tract disease. Ann Surg 1980; 191: 271–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59Ingoldby, CJH, El-saadi, J, Hall, RI, Denyer, ME. Late results of endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile duct stones in elderly patients with gall bladders in situ. Gut 1989; 30: 1129–31.Google Scholar
60Cotton, PB. Endoscopic management of bile duct stones (apples and oranges). Gut 1984; 25: 587–97.Google Scholar
61Carick, J, Doust, B, Coleman, M, Byrnes, D, Hugh, TB, Barody, TJ. Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether cholelitholysis of calculi in the gall bladder and bile ducts. Aust N Z J Med 1987; 17: 435–40.Google Scholar
62Corfield, AP, Cooper, NJ, Williamson, RCN. Acute pancreatitis: a lethal disease of increasing incidence. Gut 1985; 26: 724–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63Sarles, H, Sarles, JC, Muratore, R, Guien, C. Chronic inflammatory cirrhosis of the pancreas, an autonomous pancreatic disease. Am J Dig Dis 1961; 6: 17.Google Scholar
64Okazaki, Y, Yamamoto, Y, Kagiyama, S et al. Pressure of papillary zone and pancreatic main duct in patients with chronic pancreatitis in the early state. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988; 23: 501506.Google Scholar
65Cooper, MJ, Williamson, RCN. Drainage operations in chronic pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1984; 71: 761–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66Soehendra, N, Grimm, H, Schreiber, H. Endoscopic trans-papillary drainage of the pancreatic duct in chronic pancreatitis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1986; 111: 727–31.Google Scholar
67White, TT. Pain relieving procedures in chronic pancreatitis. Contemp Surg 1983; 22: 4352.Google Scholar
68Mitty, HA, Efremidis, SC, Yeah, HC. Impact of fine needle biopsy on management of patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. AJR 1981; 137: 119–21.Google Scholar
69Neiman, JL, Holmes, FF. Accuracy of diagnosis of pancreatic cancer decreases with increasing age. J Am Gerontol Soc 1989; 37: 97100.Google Scholar
70Andersen, JR, Sorensen, SM, Kruse, A, Rokkjaer, M, Matzen, P. Randomised trial of Endoscopic endoprosthesis versus operative by-pass in malignant obstructive jaundice. Gut 1989; 30: 1132–35.Google Scholar