Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T06:21:00.632Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Preaching Magnificence in Renaissance Florence*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Peter Howard
Peter Howard*
Affiliation:
Monash University, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The magnificence with which the Florentine Renaissance is synonymous derived its power from a virtue elucidated and disseminated by influential preachers as early as the 1420s. Most notably, Sant’ Antonino Pierozzi O.P. — preacher, reformer, confidant of Cosimo de’ Medici, and eventually the city’s archbishop — drew on and creatively adapted the language of Aquinas and others to forge a public theology of magnificence apposite to the needs of his city and consonant with its republican values. This was well before the mid-1450s and the treatise of Timoteo Maffei which thus far has been the focus of scholarly attention.

Type
Research Article
Information
Renaissance Quarterly , Volume 61 , Issue 2 , Summer 2008 , pp. 325 - 369
Copyright
Copyright © Renaissance Society of America 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

The present article had its origins in a conference on “Preaching the Virtues in the Middle Ages,” organized in April 2006 for the research program A Genealogy of Morals: The Cardinal Virtues in the Middle Ages, directed by István Bejczy and cosponsored by the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO) and the Radboud University, Nijmegen (though my initial ideas were first aired at a conference, convened by Catherine Kovesi, Dale Kent, and myself, at the University of Melbourne in 2003). My thinking was further honed at St. Andrews University, Scotland, where I presented an extended paper in September 2006: I thank Michèle Mulchahey for the invitation. I am grateful to Louis Green, Bill Kent, Richard Goldthwaite, Cynthia Polecritti, and an anonymous evaluator for their comments. I am also indebted to Timothy Krause, my copyeditor, for valuable stylistic suggestions. My enduring thanks go to Jane Drakard, who, as always, provided unfailing encouragement, in addition to her skills as an astute and critical reader of numerous drafts.

References

Aesop’s Fables. Trans. Laura Gibbs. Oxford, 2002.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. De re aedificatoria. 1485. Published under the Archimedes Project by Harvard University and the Max Planck Institute. PDF download, http://archimedes.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/docuserver/images/archimedes/info/pdf.html (accessed 19 December 2007).Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. Ten Books on Architecture. Ed. Rykwert, Joseph. Trans. Leoni, James. London, 1955.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. On the Art of Building in Ten Books. Trans. Rykwert, Joseph, Leach, Neil and Tavernor, Robert. Cambridge, MA, 1988.Google Scholar
Alighieri, Dante. La Vita Nuova: I Trattati De Vulgari Eloquio, De Monarchia e la Questione De Aqua Et Terra. Ed. Fraticelli, Pietro. 2 nd ed., Florence, 1861.Google Scholar
Alighieri, Dante. De Vulgari Eloquentia. Ed. and trans. Botterill, Steven. Cambridge, 1996.Google Scholar
Antoninus of Florence. Chroniques de Saint Antonin: Fragments Originaux du Titre XXII (1378–1459). Ed. Morçay, Raoul. Paris, 1913.Google Scholar
Antoninus of Florence. Sermones. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence, MS Conventi soppressi A.8.1750.Google Scholar
Antoninus of Florence. Summa Historialis. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence, MS. II. I.376.Google Scholar
Antoninus of Florence. Sancti Antonini Archiepiscopi Florentini Ordinis Praedicatorum Summa Theologica. Verona, 1740. Reprint, Graz, 1959.Google Scholar
Aquinas, Thomas. St Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologiae. Vol. 42, Courage (2a 2ae. 123–40). Trans. Anthony, Ross O.P. and Walsh, P. G.. London, 1965.Google Scholar
Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics: Books II–IV. Trans. Taylor, C. C. W.. Oxford, 2006.Google Scholar
Aurelius, Augustinus. De libero arbitrio libri tres. In Patrologia Latina ed. Migne, J.-P., vol. 32 cols. 1219–1309 Paris, 1845.Google Scholar
Baldassarri, Stefano Ugo and Arielle, Saiber, eds. Images of Quattrocento Florence: Selected Writings in Literature, History and Art. New Haven, 2000.Google Scholar
Hans, Baron. “ Franciscan Poverty and Civic Wealth as Factors in the Rise of Humanistic Thought.” Speculum 13 (1938): 1–37 Google Scholar
Bec, Christian. Les Marchands écrivains: Affaires et humanisme à Florence 1375–1434. Paris, 1967.10.1515/9783111631134CrossRefGoogle Scholar
István, Bejczy. “John of La Rochelle and William Peraldus on the Virtues and Vices.” Archivium Franciscanum Historicum 97 (2004): 99–110 Google Scholar
Bejczy, István. “Cardinal Virtues in a Christian Context: The Antithesis between Fortitude and Humility in the Twelfth Century.” Medioevo 31 (2006): 49–67 Google Scholar
Bejczy, István and Newhauser, Richard G., eds. Virtue and Ethics in the Twelfth Century. Leiden, 2005.10.1163/9789047407270CrossRefGoogle Scholar
da Siena, Bernardino. Le Prediche Volgari: Quaresimale del 1425. Ed. Cannarozzi, Ciro. 3 vols. Florence, 1940.Google Scholar
Borsi, Franco. Leon Battista Alberti. New York, 1977.Google Scholar
Boyle, Leonard, O.P. “Notes on the Education of the Fratres Communes in the Dominican Order in the Thirteenth Century.” In Boyle, O.P., Pastoral Care, Clerical Education and Canon Law, 1200–1400, 249–67. London, 1981.Google Scholar
Boyle, Leonard, O.P. The Setting of the “Summa theologiae” of Saint Thomas. In Boyle, , Facing History: A Different Thomas Aquinas. 65–91. Louvain-la-Neuve, 1982.Google Scholar
Boyle, Leonard, O.P. “Saint Thomas Aquinas and the Third Millennium.” Presented at “A Symposium: St. Thomas Aquinas and the Third Millennium: For Dominican Educators in Higher Education,” Dominican Conference Center, River Forest, Illinois, 9–11 April 1999. http://www.domcentral.org/trad/boyle3mill.htm (accessed 19 December 2007).Google Scholar
Brown, Alison.“The Humanist Portrait of Cosimo de’ Medici, Pater Patriae.” In Brown, , The Medici in Florence: The Exercise and Language of Power, 3–52. Florence, 1992.Google Scholar
Brucker, Gene A. The Civic World of Early Renaissance Florence. Princeton, 1977.Google Scholar
Bruni, Leonardo. “Preface to Book I of the Aristotelian Treatise on Economics, or Family Estate Management, Addressed to Cosimo de’ Medici.” In The Humanism of Leonardo Bruni: Selected Texts, ed. and trans. Griffiths, Gordon, Hankins, James and Thompson, David, 305–06. Binghamton, 1987.Google Scholar
Bruni, Leonardo. History of the Florentine People. Ed. and trans. Hankins, James. Cambridge, MA, 2001.Google Scholar
Bruni, Leonardo. Isagogicon moralis disciplinae. In Montserrat Jiménez San Cristóbal, “La versión castellana del Isagogicon moralis disciplinae de Leonardo Bruni conservada en el incunable 1.704 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid.” Cuadernos de Filologì a Clásica: Estudios Latinos 22 (2002): 87–175 Google Scholar
Burke, Jill. Changing Patrons: Social Identity and the Visual Arts in Renaissance Florence. University Park, 2004.Google Scholar
Camporeale, Salvatore. “Humanism and the Religious Crisis of the Late Quattrocento: Giovanni Caroli, O.P., and the Liber dierum lucensiumi .” In Christianity and the Renaissance: Image and Religious Imaginiation in the Quattrocento, ed. Verdon, Timothy and Henderson, John, 208–25. New York, 1990.Google Scholar
Castiglione, Francesco. “Vita.” In Sancti Antonini Archiepiscopi Florentini Ordinis Praedicatorum Summa Theologica, coll. xxii–lxxii, 1740. Reprint, Graz, 1959.Google Scholar
Cavalcanti, Giovanni. Istorie Fiorentine. Ed. Polidori, Filippo. 2 vols. Florence, 1839.Google Scholar
Cerracchini, Luca Giuseppe, ed. Fasti Teologali ovvero Notizie Istoriche del Collegio De Teologi dell Sacra Università Fiorentina dall sua Fondazione fino all’anno 1738. Florence, 1738.Google Scholar
La Chiesa e il Convento di Santo Spirito a Firenze. Ed. Luchinat, Cristina Acicini and Capretti, Elena. Florence, 1966.Google Scholar
Cicero, Marcus Tullius. “Rhetorici Libri Duo Qui Vocantur De Inventione.” In Cicero, , De Inventione, De Optimo Genere Oratorum, Topica, 1–346. London, 1960.Google Scholar
Clarke, Georgia. “Magnificence and the City: Giovanni Il Bentivoglio and Architecture in Fifteenth-Century Bologna.” Renaissance Studies 13 (1999): 397–411 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cosimo ‘il Vecchio’ de’ Medici, 1389–1464. Ed. Ames-Lewis, Francis. Oxford, 1992.Google Scholar
da Bisticci, Vespasiano. Le Vite. Ed. Greco, Aulo. 2 vols. Florence, 1976.Google Scholar
Davis, C. T. “An Early Florentine Political Theorist: Fra Remigio de’ Girolami.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 104 (1960): 662–76Google Scholar
d’Avray, David. Death and the Prince: Memorial Preaching before 1350. Oxford, 1994.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203964.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De La Mare, Albinia C. “Cosimo and his Books.” In Cosimo ‘il Vecchio’ de’ Medici (1992), 133–38.Google Scholar
Delcorno, Carlo. “‘Antico’ e ‘Moderno’ nella Predicazione Medievale.” In Il senso della storia nella cultura medievale italiana (1100–1350) (Atti del quarttordicesimo Convegno Internazionale di studio tenuto a Pistoia nei giorni 14–17 maggio 1993), 397–416. Pistoia, 1995.Google Scholar
Delcorno, Carlo. “Medieval Preaching in Italy (1200–1500).” In The Sermon, ed. Kienzle, Beverly Mayne, 449–559. Turnhout, 2000.Google Scholar
Dondaine, Antoine. “Guillaume Peyraut, vie et œuvres.” Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 18 (1948): 162–236 Google Scholar
Elam, Caroline. “Cosimo de’Medici and San Lorenzo.” In Cosimo ‘il Vecchio’ de’ Medici (1992), 157–80.Google Scholar
Fanelli, Giovanni. Firenze. Rome, 1980.Google Scholar
Garin, Eugenio. Italian Humanism. Trans. Manz, Peter. Oxford, 1965.Google Scholar
Gaston, Robert W. “Sacred Place and Liturgical Space: Florence’s Renaissance Churches.” In Renaissance Florence (2006), 331–52.Google Scholar
Gauthier, René Antonin. Magninimité: l’idalé de la grandeur dans la philosophie païenne et dans la théologie chrétienne. Paris, 1951.Google Scholar
Gehl, Paul F. A Moral Art: Grammar, Society, and Culture in Trecento Florence. Ithaca, 1993.Google Scholar
Gehl, Paul F. “Preachers, Teachers, and Translators: The Social Meaning of Language Study in Trecento Tuscany.” Viator 25 (1994): 289–323 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.301217CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, Creighton. “The Earliest Guide to Florentine Architecture, 1423.” Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz 14 (1969): 33–46 Google Scholar
Giovanni Rucellai ed il suo zibaldone I: Il Zibaldone Quaresimale. Ed. Perosa, Alessandro. London, 1960.Google Scholar
Giovanni Rucellai ed il suo zibaldone II: A Florentine Patrician and His Palace. Ed. Kent, F. W. et al. London, 1981.Google Scholar
Goldthwaite, Richard A.. “The Florentine Palace as Domestic Architecture.” American Historical Review 77 (1972): 977–1012 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldthwaite, Richard A. Building Renaissance Florence. Baltimore, 1980.Google Scholar
Goldthwaite, Richard A. Wealth and the Demand for Art in Renaissance Italy 1300–1600. Baltimore, 1993.Google Scholar
Gombrich, Ernst H. “The Early Medici as Patrons of Art.” In Italian Renaissance Studies, ed. Jacobs, E. F., 279–311. London, 1960.Google Scholar
Greaves, Margaret. The Blazon of Honour: A Study in Renaissance Magnanimity. London, 1964.Google Scholar
Green, Louis. “Galvano Fiamma, Azzone Visconti and the Revival of the Classical Theory of Magnificence.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 53 (1990): 98–113 10.2307/751341CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, Heather. Palla“ Strozzi’s Patronage and Pre-Medicean Florence.” In Patronage, Art and Society in Renaissance Italy (1987), 201–20.Google Scholar
Guerzoni, Guido. “Liberalitas, Magnificentia, Splendor: The Classic Origins of Italian Renaissance Lifestyles.” In Economic Engagements with Art, ed. de Marchi, Neil and Goodwin, Craufurd D. W., 332–78. Durham, NC, 1999.Google Scholar
Hatfield, Rab. “The Funding of the Façade of Santa Maria Novella.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 67 (2004): 81–127 Google Scholar
Hood, William. Fra Angelico at San Marco. New Haven, 1993.Google Scholar
Howard, Peter Francis. Beyondthe Written Word: Preaching and Theology in the Florence of ArchbishopAntoninus, 1427–1459. Florence, 1995.Google Scholar
Howard, Peter Francis. “‘Leone Superbi’: Florentines, Sant’ Antonino and His Preaching in the Duomo.” In Atti del VII Centenario di S.Maria del Fiore, ed. Verdon, Timothy and Innocenti, Annalisa, 495–509. Florence, 2001.Google Scholar
Howard, Peter Francis. “ The Impact of Preaching in Renaissance Florence: Fra Niccolò da Pisa at San Lorenzo.” Medieval Sermon Studies 48 (2004): 29–44 Google Scholar
Howard, Peter Francis. “The Aural Spaces of the Sacred in Renaissance Florence.” In Renaissance Florence (2006), 376–93.Google Scholar
Howard, Peter Francis. “‘The Womb of Memory’: Carmelite Liturgy and the Frescoes of the Brancacci Chapel.” In Eckstein, Nicholas, ed., The Brancacci Chapel: A Symposium on Form, Function and Setting. Collected Essays of a Symposium Held 6–7 June 2003 in The Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies, Villa I Tatti, 177–206. Florence, 2007.Google Scholar
Imesch, Kornelia. Magnificenza als architektonische Kategorie: individuelle Selbstdarstellung versus ästhetische Verwirklichung von Gemeinschaft in den venezianischen Villen Palladios und Scamozzis Oberhausen. Oberhausen, 2003.Google Scholar
Inglis, John. “Aquinas’s Replication of the Acquired Moral Virtues: Rethinking the Standard Philosophical Interpretation of Moral Virtue in Aquinas.” Journal of Religious Ethics 27 (1999): 3–27 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izbicki, Thomas M. “The Origins of the De ornatu mulierum of Antoninus of Florence.” Modern Language Notes 119 (2004): S142–S161 Google Scholar
Jenkins, A. D. Fraser. “Cosimo de Medici’s Patronage of Architecture and the Theory of Magnificence.” In The Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 33 (1970): 162–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, Dale V. The Rise of the Medici: Faction in Florence 1426–1434. Oxford, 1978.Google Scholar
Kent, Dale V. “The Importance of Being Eccentric: Giovanni Cavalcanti’s View of Cosimo de’ Medici’s Florence.” In The Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 20 (1979): 101–32Google Scholar
Kent, Dale V. “The Dynamic of Power in Cosimo de’ Medici’s Florence.” In Patronage, Art and Society (1987), 63–77.Google Scholar
Kent, Dale V. Cosimo de’ Medici and the Florentine Renaissance. New Haven, 2000.Google Scholar
Kent, Dale V. and Kent, Francis William. Neighbours and Neighbourhood in Renaissance Florence. Locust Valley, NY, 1982.Google Scholar
Kent, Francis William. “The Making of a Renaissance Patron.” In Giovanni Rucellai ed il suo zibaldone (1981), 2 : 7–95.Google Scholar
Kent, Francis William. “Palaces, Politics and Society in Fifteenth-Century Florence.” I Tatti Studies: Essays in the Renaissance 2 (1987): 41–70 Google Scholar
Kent, Francis William. Lorenzo de’ Medici and the Art of Magnificence. Baltimore, 2004.Google Scholar
King, Margaret L. “Personal, Domestic and Republican Values in the Moral Philosophy of Giovanni Caldiera.” Renaissance Quarterly 28, no. 4 (1975): 535–7410.2307/2860172CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovesi Killerby, Catherine. Sumptuary Law in Italy 1200–1500. Oxford, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapaccini, Giuliano. “La Cronica del Convento Fiorentino di San Marco (la parte più antica, dettata da Giuliano Lapaccini).” Archivio Storico Italiano series 6 , 71 (1913): 1–29 Google Scholar
Latini, Brunetto. Li Livres Dou Tresor de Brunetto Latini. Ed. Carmody, Francis J.. Berkeley, 1948.Google Scholar
Latini, Brunetto. Il Tesoretto (The Little Treasure). Ed. and trans. Holloway, Julia Bolton. New York, 1981.Google Scholar
Lindow, James R. The RenaissancePalace in Florence: Magnificence and Splendour in Fifteenth-CenturyItaly. London, 2007.Google Scholar
Lingohr, Michael. “The Palace and Villa as Spaces of Patrician Self-Definition.” In Renaissance Florence (2006), 240–72.Google Scholar
Luporini, Eugenio. Brunelleschi: forma e ragione. Milan, 1964.Google Scholar
Maffei, Timotheus. In magnificentiae Cosmi Medicei Florentini detractores libellus. Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 47, Cod. 27, fols. 78–102.Google Scholar
Manetti, Antonio di Tuccio. The Life of Brunelleschi. Ed. Saalman, Howard. Trans. Engass, Catherine. University Park, 1970.Google Scholar
Martines, Lauro. The Social World of the Florentine Humanists 1340–1460. Princeton, 1963.Google Scholar
McGinness, Frederick J. Right Thinking and Sacred Oratory in Counter-Reformation Rome. Princeton, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Messelaar, Petrus Adrianus. Le vocabulaire des idées dans le “Le Tresor” de Brunet Latin. Assen, 1963.Google Scholar
Messersi, A. “Matteo Palmieri cittadino di Firenze del secolo XV.” Archivio Storico Italiano series 5, 13 (1894): 257–340 Google Scholar
Morçay, Raoul. Saint Antonin, Fondateur du Couvent de Saint-Marc, Archevêque de Florence, 1389–1459. Paris, 1913.Google Scholar
Muessig, Carolyn. “Sermon, Preacher and Society in the Middle Ages.” Journal of Medieval History 28 (2002): 73–91 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulchahey, M. Michèle. ‘First the Bow is Bent to Study’: Dominican Education before 1350. Toronto, 1998.Google Scholar
Najemy, John. A History of Florence 1200–1575. Malden, MA, 2006.10.1002/9780470754870CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, Jonathan Katz. “Memorial Chapels in Churches: The Privatization and Transformation of Sacred Spaces.” In Renaissance Florence (2006), 353–75.Google Scholar
Orlandi, Stefano, O.P. Bibliografia Antoniniana: Descrizione dei manoscritti della Vita e delle Opere di S. Antonino O.P. Arcivescovo di Firenze, e degli Studi stampati che lo riguardano. Vatican City, 1961.Google Scholar
Palmieri, Matteo. La Vita Civile. Ed. Belloni, Gino. Florence, 1982.Google Scholar
Pandimiglio, Leonida. I Brancacci di Firenze: Felice di Michele vir clarissimus e una consorteria. Florence, 1989.Google Scholar
Patronage, Art and Society in Renaissance Italy. Ed. Kent, Francis William and Simons, Patricia. Oxford, 1987.Google Scholar
Peraldus, Guilelmus. Summa de virtutibus et vitiis. Venice, 1497.Google Scholar
Peterson, David Spenser. “Archbishop Antoninus: Florence and the Church in the Earlier Fifteenth Century.” PhD diss., Cornell University, 1985.Google Scholar
Peterson, David Spenser. “Antoninus.” In Encyclopedia of the Renaissance, ed. Grendler, Paul F., 1 : 79–80. New York, 1999.Google Scholar
Polecritti, Cynthia. Preaching Peace in Renaissance Italy: Bernardino of Siena and His Audience. Washington, DC, 2000.Google Scholar
Pontano, Giovanni. I trattati delle virtu sociali. De liberalitate. De heneficentia. De magnificentia. De splendore. De conviventia. Ed. Tateo, Francesco. Rome, 1965.Google Scholar
Rainey, Ronald Eugene. “Sumptuary Legislation in Renaissance Florence (Italy).” PhD diss., Columbia University, 1985.Google Scholar
Renaissance Florence: A Social History. Ed. Crum, Roger J. and Paoletti, John T.. New York, 2006.Google Scholar
Rubin, Patricia. “Magnificence and the Medici.” In The Early Medici and their Artists, ed. Ames-Lewis, Francis, 37–69. London, 1995.Google Scholar
Rubin, Patricia. Images and Identity in Fifteenth-Century Florence. New Haven, 2007.Google Scholar
Savonarola, Girolamo. Prediche Sopra Ruth e Michea. Ed. Romano, Vincenzo. Rome, 1962.Google Scholar
Seneca, . De beneficiis. In Moral Essays, vol. 3, trans. Basore, John. Cambridge, 1965.Google Scholar
Shepherd, Rupert. “Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti and a Practical Definition of Magnificence in the Context of Renaissance Architecture.” In Concepts of Beauty in Renaissance Art, ed. Ames-Lewis, Francis and Rogers, Mary, 52–65. Aldershot, 1998.Google Scholar
Spicciani, A. “The ‘Poveri Vergognosi’ in Fifteenth-Century Florence.” In Aspects of Poverty in Early Modern Europe, ed. Riis, Thomas, 119–82. Brussells, 1981.Google Scholar
Tocco, Francesco Paolo. Niccolà Acciaiuoli: Vita e Politica in Italia alla Metà del XIV Secolo. Rome, 2001.Google Scholar
Tuve, Rosemond. “Notes on the Virtues and Vices.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 26 (1963): 264–303 10.2307/750495CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ullman, B. L. and Stadter, P. A.. The Public Library of Renaissance Florence: Niccolà Niccoli, Cosimo de’ Medici and the Library of San Marco. Padua, 1972.Google Scholar
Varese, Claudio. “Una ‘Laudatio florentinae urbis’: La ‘Istoria di Firenze’ di Goro Dati.” Rassegna della letteratura italiana 63 (1959): 373–89Google Scholar
Varese, Claudio. “Giovanni Cavalcanti storico e scrittore.” In Storia e politica nella prosa del Quattrocento, 93–131. Turin, 1961.Google Scholar
Bellovacensis, Vincentius (William of Beauvais). Speculum Doctrinale. Strassbourg, 1472.Google Scholar
Walker, Bernard, O.P. The “Chronicles” of Saint Antoninus: A Study in Historiography. Washington, 1933.Google Scholar
Walsh, P. G. “Appendix: Thomas and His Authorities.” In Aquinas, Thomas, St Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologiae, vol. 42, Courage (2a 2ae. 123–40), trans. Anthony, Ross O.P. and Walsh, P. G., 241–43. London, 1965.Google Scholar
Walter of England. Romuleae fabulae Gualteri Anglici, LIV: “De Cane e Lupo.” 1895. In Les fabulistes latins: Depuis le siècle d’Augustejusqu’à la fin du moyen âge, ed. Léopold Hervieux, 2:344. Reprint, Paris, 1965.Google Scholar
Widloecher, D. Nicola. LaCongregazione dei Canonici Regolari Lateranensi: Periodo di Formazione(1402–1483). Gubbio, 1929.Google Scholar