Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T14:16:17.649Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Origin of Subsoil Carbon in a Chinese Paddy Soil Chronosequence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2016

Tino Bräuer ,
Pieter M Grootes  and
Marie-Josée Nadeau
Tino Bräuer*
Affiliation:
Leibniz-Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts-University zu Kiel, Germany
Pieter M Grootes
Affiliation:
Leibniz-Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts-University zu Kiel, Germany
Marie-Josée Nadeau
Affiliation:
Leibniz-Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts-University zu Kiel, Germany
*
1Corresponding author. Email: tbraeuer@leibniz.uni-kiel.de.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Rice paddies are highly important agricultural soils in view of their relevance as major staple food provider in the world and their key role in the global carbon cycle, caused by special management practices. A soil chronosequence, consisting of paddy and upland soils, developed on reclaimed estuarine sediments in the Province of Zhejiang, China, was sampled to investigate the influence of duration of agricultural use (50 to 2000 yr) on soil composition. The uniform composition of the parent material provides the unique opportunity to compare the effects of different land management practices (paddy and non-paddy) on soil carbon dynamics and the origin of organic carbon (OC) in top- and subsoils, using 14C measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The total soil organic carbon (TOC) was split into chemically defined pools of different mobility, namely the acid- and water-soluble fulvic acids (FA), the alkali-soluble humic acids (HA), and insoluble humin fraction. The more mobile HA and FA fractions contain significantly more 14C than the corresponding TOC and humin, indicating a downward transport of OC in the subsoil. Plant roots with 14C concentrations up to 128% of the modern standard, found far below the plough pan, reveal plant roots and root exudates as other direct sources of subsoil OC in paddy soils.

Type
Articles
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 55 , Issue 2: Proceedings of the 21st International Radiocarbon Conference (Part 1 of 2) , 2013 , pp. 1058 - 1070
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altschul, S, Gish, W, Miller, W, Myers, E, Lipman, D. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 215(3):403–10.Google Scholar
Baisden, WT, Parfitt, RL. 2007. Bomb 14C enrichment indicates decadal C pool in deep soil? Biogeochemistry 85(1):59–68.Google Scholar
Baisden, WT, Amundson, R, Brenner, DL, Cook, AC, Kendall, C, Harden, JW. 2002. A multiisotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence. Global Biochemical Cycles 16(4):8210–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balesdent, J. 1987. The turnover of soil organic fractions estimated by radiocarbon dating. The Science of the Total Environment 62:405–8.Google Scholar
Batjes, NH. 1996. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European Journal of Soil Science 47:151–63.Google Scholar
Becker-Heidmann, P, Scharpenseel, HW. 1992. Studies of soil organic matter dynamics using natural carbon isotopes. The Science of the Total Environment 117/118:305–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bräuer, T, Grootes, PM, Nadeau, MJ, Andersen, N. 2013. Downward carbon transport in a 2000-year rice paddy soil chronosequence traced by radiocarbon measurements. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 294:584–7.Google Scholar
Cao, ZH, Ding, JL, Hu, ZY, Knicker, H, Kögel-Knabner, I, Yang, LZ, Yin, R, Lin, XG, Dong, YH. 2006. Ancient paddy soils from the Neolithic age in China's Yangtze River Delta. Naturwissenschaften 93(5):232–6.Google Scholar
Cheng, YQ, Yang, LZ, Cao, ZH, Yin, S. 2009. Chronosequential changes of selected pedogenic properties in paddy soils as compared with non-paddy soils. Geoderma 151:31–41.Google Scholar
Christensen, BT. 2001. Physical fractionation of soil and structural and functional complexity in organic matter turnover. European Journal of Soil Science 52:345–53.Google Scholar
Doyle, JJ, Doyle, JL. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemistry Bulletin 19:11–5.Google Scholar
Dreves, A, Andersen, N, Grootes, PM, Nadeau, M-J, Garbe-Schönberg, CD. 2007. Colloidal matter in water extracts from forest soils. Environmental Chemistry 4(6):424–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO. 2006. Guidelines for Soil Description. Rome: FAO. 97 p.Google Scholar
FAOSTAT (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations). 2010. URL: http://faostat.fao.org/.Google Scholar
Flessa, H, Amelung, W, Helfrich, M, Wiesenberg, GLB, Gleixner, G, Brodowski, S, Rethemeyer, J, Kramer, C, Grootes, PM. 2008. Storage and stability of organic matter and fossil carbon in a Luvisol and Phaeozem with continuous maize cropping: a synthesis. Journal of Plant Nutrition & Soil Science 171:36–51.Google Scholar
Fontaine, S, Barot, S, Barre, P, Bdioui, N, Mary, B, Rumpel, C. 2007. Stability of organic carbon in deep soil layers controlled by fresh carbon supply. Nature 450(7167):277–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graven, HD, Guilderson, TP, Keeling, RF. 2012. Observations of radiocarbon in CO2 at seven global sampling sites in the Scripps flask network: analysis of spatial gradients and seasonal cycles. Journal of Geophysical Research 117: D02303, doi:10.1029/2011JD016535.Google Scholar
Grootes, PM, Nadeau, MJ, Rieck, A. 2004. 14C-AMS at the Leibniz-Labor: radiometric dating and isotope research. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 223–224:55–61.Google Scholar
Harden, JW. 1982. A quantitative index of soil development from field descriptions: examples from a chronosequence in central California. Geoderma 28:1–28.Google Scholar
Helfrich, M, Flessa, H, Ludwig, B. 2010. Modelling carbon dynamics in subsoils using simple models. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 173(5):671–7.Google Scholar
Huang, Y, Sun, W. 2006. Changes in topsoil organic carbon of croplands in mainland China over the last two decades. Chinese Science Bulletin 51(15):1785–803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IUSS Working Group WRB. 2007. World Reference Base for Soil Resources. World Soil Resources Reports, Volume 103. Rome: FAO. 145 p.Google Scholar
Janssen, M, Lennartz, B. 2008. Characterization of preferential flow pathways through paddy bunds with dye tracer tests. Soil Science Society of America Journal 72(6):1756–66.Google Scholar
Jobbagy, EG, Jackson, RB. 2000. The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation. Ecological Applications 10(2):423–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalbitz, K, Kaiser, K, Fiedler, S, Kölbl, A, Amelung, W, Bräuer, T, Cao, ZH, Don, A, Grootes, PM, Jahn, R, Schwark, L, Vogelsang, V, Wissing, L, Kögel-Knabner, I. 2013. The carbon count of 2,000 years of rice cultivation. Global Change Biology 19(4):1107–13.Google Scholar
Kleber, M, Sollins, P, Sutton, R. 2007. A conceptual model of organo-mineral interactions in soils: self-assembly of organic molecular fragments into zonal structures on mineral surfaces. Biogeochemistry 85:9–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kögel-Knabner, I, Amelung, W, Cao, ZH, Fiedler, S, Frenzel, P, Jahn, R, Kalbitz, K, Kölbl, A, Schloter, M. 2010. Biogeochemistry of paddy soils. Geoderma 157:1–14.Google Scholar
Lal, R. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 304(5677):1623–6.Google Scholar
Lal, R. 2008. Carbon sequestration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363:815–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laskar, AH, Yadava, MG, Ramesh, R. 2012. Radiocarbon and stable isotopes in two soil profiles from northeast India. Radiocarbon 54(1):81–9.Google Scholar
Lennartz, B, Horn, R, Duttmann, R, Gerke, HH, Tippkötter, R, Eickhorst, T, Janssen, I, Janssen, M, Rüth, B, Sander, T, Shi, X, Sumfleth, K, Taubner, H, Zhang, B. 2009. Ecological safe management of terraced rice paddy landscapes. Soil & Tillage Research 102:179–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, I, Naegler, T, Kromer, B, Diehl, M, Francey, RJ, Gomez-Pelaez, AJ, Steele, LP, Wagenbach, D, Weller, R, Worthy, DE. 2010. Observations and modeling of the global distribution and long-term trend of atmospheric 14CO2 . Tellus B 62:26–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luan, YX, Mallatt, JM, Xie, RD, Yang, YM, Yin, WY. 2005. The phylogenetic positions of three basal-hexapod groups (Protura, Diplura, and Collembola) based on ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 22:1579–92.Google Scholar
MacLean, JL, Dawe, DC, Hardy, B, Hertel, GP. 2002. Rice Almanac: Source Book for the Most Important Economic Activity on Earth. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. 270 p.Google Scholar
Maie, N, Watanabe, A, Kimura, M. 2004. Chemical characteristics and potential source of fulvic acids leached from the plow layer of paddy soil. Geoderma 120:309–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marschner, B, Brodowski, S, Dreves, A, Gleixner, G, Gude, A, Grootes, PM, Hamer, U, Heim, A, Jandl, G, Ji, R, Kaiser, K, Kalbitz, K, Kramer, C, Leinweber, P, Rethemeyer, J, Schaeffer, A, Schmidt, MWI, Schwark, L, Wiesenberg, GLB. 2008. How relevant is recalcitrance for the stabilization of organic matter in soils? Journal of Plant Nutrition & Soil Science 171(1):91–110.Google Scholar
Mishra, HS, Rathore, TR, Pant, RC. 1997. Root growth, water potential, and yield of irrigated rice. Irrigation Science 17:69–75.Google Scholar
Nadeau, MJ, Schleicher, M, Grootes, PM, Erlenkeuser, H, Gottdang, A, Mous, DJW, Sarnthein, JM, Willkomm, H. 1997. The Leibniz-Labor AMS facility at the Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 123(1–4):22–30.Google Scholar
Nadeau, MJ, Grootes, PM, Schleicher, M, Hasselberg, P, Rieck, A, Bitterling, M. 1998. Sample throughput and data quality at the Leibniz-Labor AMS facility. Radiocarbon 40(1):239–45.Google Scholar
O'Brien, BJ, Stout, JD. 1978. Movement and turnover of soil organic matter as indicated by carbon isotope measurements. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 10(4):309–17.Google Scholar
Pan, G, Li, L, Wu, L, Zhang, X. 2003. Storage and sequestration potential of topsoil organic carbon in China's paddy soils. Global Change Biology 10:79–92.Google Scholar
Paul, EA, Follett, RF, Leavitt, SW, Halvorson, A, Petersen, GA, Lyon, DJ. 1997. Radiocarbon dating for determination of soil organic matter pool sizes and dynamics. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61:1058–67.Google Scholar
Pessenda, LCR, Gouveia, SEM, Aravena, R. 2001. Radiocarbon dating of total soil organic matter and humin fraction and its comparison with 14C ages of fossil charcoal. Radiocarbon 43(2B):595–601.Google Scholar
Rethemeyer, J, Kramer, C, Gleixner, G, John, B, Yamashita, T, Flessa, H, Andersen, N, Nadeau, MJ, Grootes, PM. 2005. Transformation of organic matter in agricultural soils: radiocarbon concentration versus soil depth. Geoderma 128(1–2):94–105.Google Scholar
Rice, JA. 2001. Humin. Soil Science 166(11):848–57.Google Scholar
Rui, W, Zhang, W. 2010. Effect size and duration of recommended management practices on carbon sequestration in paddy field in Yangtze Delta Plain of China: a meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 135:199–205.Google Scholar
Rumpel, C, Kögel-Knabner, I. 2011. Deep soil organic matter – a key but poorly understood component of terrestrial C cycle. Plant and Soil 338(1–2):143–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scharpenseel, HW, Becker-Heidmann, P, Neue, HU, Tsutsuki, K. 1989. Bomb-carbon, 14C-dating and 13C-measurements as tracers of organic matter dynamics as well as of morphogenetic and turbation processes. The Science of the Total Environment 81/82:99–110.Google Scholar
Six, J, Guggenberger, G, Paustian, K, Haumaier, L, Elliott, ET, Zech, W. 2001. Sources and composition of soil organic matter fractions between and within soil aggregates. European Journal of Soil Science 52:607–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, FJ. 1994. Humus Chemistry – Genesis, composition, reactions. New York: John Wiley. 512 p.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M, Polach, HA. 1977. Discussion: reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19(3):355–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanji, KK, Gao, S, Scardaci, SC, Chow, AT. 2003. Characterizing redox status of paddy soils with incorporated rice straw. Geoderma 114(3–4):333–53.Google Scholar
Trumbore, SE. 2000. Age of soil organic matter and soil respiration: radiocarbon constraints on belowground C dynamics. Ecological Applications 10(2):399–411.Google Scholar
Trumbore, SE, Vogel, JS, Southon, JR. 1989. AMS 14C measurements of fractionated soil organic matter: an approach to deciphering the soil carbon cycle. Radiocarbon 31(3):644–54.Google Scholar
Wade, LJ, Fukai, S, Samson, BK, Ali, A, Mazid, MA. 1999. Rainfed lowland rice: physical environment and cultivar requirements. Field Crop Research 64:3–12.Google Scholar
Wang, Y, Amundson, R. 1996. Radiocarbon dating of soil organic matter. Quaternary Research 45:282–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wissing, L, Kölbl, A, Vogelsang, V, Fu, JR, Cao, ZH, Kögel-Knabner, I. 2011. Organic carbon accumulation in a 2000-year chronosequence of paddy soil evolution. Catena 87:376–85.Google Scholar
Xu, S, Shi, X, Zhao, Y, Yu, D, Li, C, Wang, S, Tan, M, Sun, W. 2011. Carbon sequestration potential of recommended management practices for paddy soils of China, 1980–2050. Geoderma 166(1):206–13.Google Scholar
Yoshida, S, Hasegawa, S. 1982. The rice root system: its development and function. In: Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice. Manila: IRRI. p 97–114.Google Scholar