Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T00:50:27.930Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

OSL chronology and possible forcing mechanisms of dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield in northern China since the Last Glacial Maximum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 June 2012

LinHai Yang ,
Tao Wang ,
Jie Zhou ,
ZhongPing Lai  and
Hao Long
LinHai Yang*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Tao Wang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Jie Zhou
Affiliation:
Xi'an Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710043, China
ZhongPing Lai*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Luminescence Dating Group, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
Hao Long
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Limnology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
*
⁎Correspondence to: L.H. Yang, Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320, West Donggang road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
⁎⁎Correspondence to: Z.P. Lai, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 Xining 810008, China. Email Address:ylh@ieecas.cn, zplai@lzb.ac.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The evolution processes and forcing mechanisms of the Horqin dunefield in northern China are poorly understood. In this study, systematic OSL dating of multiple sites is used together with pollen analysis of a representative section in order to reconstruct the evolution of the dunefield since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our results show that there was extensive dune mobilization 25–10 ka, transition to stabilization 10–8 ka, considerable dune stabilization 8–3 ka, and multiple episodes of stabilization and mobilization after 3 ka. Comparison of dune evolution of the dunefields in northern China during the Holocene showed that Asian monsoon and resultant effective moisture have played an important role in the evolution of dunefields at the millennial time scale. Further analysis indicated that the dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield before 3 ka was synchronous with climatic changes. However, increasing human activity has impacted dune evolution during the last 3 ka.

Keywords

OSL datingDune evolutionClimatic changeHuman impactHorqin dunefield in northern China
Type
Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 78 , Issue 2 , September 2012 , pp. 185 - 196
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

An, Z. The history and variability of the East Asian paleomonsoon climate. Quaternary Science Reviews 19, (2000). 171–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, Z.S., Porter, S., Wu, X.H., Kutzbach, J., Wang, S.M., Liu, X.D., Li, X.Q., Wang, J., Zhou, W.J., Xiao, J.Y., Liu, J.F., and Lu, J.J. Holocene Optimum and East Asian Monsoon variability in the middle and east China. Chinese Science Bulletin 38, (1993). 1302–1305. (In Chinese) Google Scholar
An, Z.S., Porter, S.C., Kutzbach, J.E., Wu, X.H., Wang, S.M., Liu, X.D., Li, X.Q., and Zhou, W.J. Asynchronous Holocene optimum of the East Asian monsoon. Quaternary Science Review 19, (2000). 743–762.Google Scholar
An, C.B., Feng, Z.D., and Barton, L. Dry or humid? Mid-Holocene humidity changes in arid and semi-arid China. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, (2006). 351–361.Google Scholar
Bristow, C.S., Augustinus, P.C., Wallis, I.C., Jol, H.M., and Rhodes, E.J. Investigation of the age and migration of reversing dunes in Antarctica using GPR and OSL, with implications for GPR on Mars. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 289, (2010). 30–42.Google Scholar
Cao, G.C., Long, H., Zhang, J.R., and Lai, Z.P. Quartz OSL dating of last glacial sand dunes near Lanzhou on the western Chinese Loess Plateau: a comparison between different granulometric fractions. Quaternary Geochronology 10, (2012). 32–36.Google Scholar
Chase, B., and Thomas, D.S.G. Late Quaternary dune accumulation along the western margin of South Africa: distinguishing forcing mechanisms through the analysis of migratory dune forms. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 251, (2006). 318–333.Google Scholar
Chen, F.H., Yu, Z.C., Yang, M.L., Ito, E., Wang, S.M., Madsen, D.B., Huang, X.Z., Zhao, Y., Sato, T., Briks, H.J.B., Boomer, I., Chen, J.H., An, C.B., and Wünneman, B. Holocene moisture evolution in arid central Asia and its out-of-phase relationship with Asian monsoon history. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, (2008). 351–364.Google Scholar
Clark, P.U., Dyke, A.S., Shakun, J.D., Carlson, A.E., Clark, J., Wohlfarth, B., Mitrovica, J.X., Hostetler, S.W., and McCabe, A.M. The Last Glacial Maximum. Science 325, (2009). 710–714.Google Scholar
Dong, G.R., Jin, J., Li, B.S., Gao, S.Y., and Shao, Y.J. Several problems on the desertification of Horqin sandy land, Northeast China—a case study on its south area. Journal of Desert Research 14, (1994). 1–9. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Fægri, K., and Iversen, J. Textbook of Pollen Analysis. fourth ed. (1989). Wiley, London.Google Scholar
Fitzsimmons, K.E., Rhode, E.J., Mage, J.W., and Barrows, T.T. The timing of linear dune activity in the Strzelecki and Tirari Deserts, Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews 26, (2007). 2598–2616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleitmann, D., Burns, S.J., Mudelsee, M., Neff, U., Kramers, J., Mangini, A., and Matter, A. Holocene Forcing of the Indian Monsoon recorded in a stalagmite from Southern Oman. Science 300, (2003). 1737–1739.Google Scholar
Ge, Q.S., Zheng, J.Y., Fang, X.Q., Man, Z.M., Zhang, X.Q., Zhang, P.Y., and Wang, W.C. Winter half-year temperature reconstruction for the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze River, China, during the past 2000 years. The Holocene 13, (2003). 933–940.Google Scholar
Goble, R.J., Mason, J.A., Loope, D.B., and Swinehart, J.B. Optical and radiocarbon ages of stacked paleosols and dune sands in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA. Quaternary Science Reviews 23, (2004). 1173–1182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, S.L. The formation and evolution of desertified land in west Liaohe reaches. Natural Resources 4, (1980). 46–52. (In Chinese) Google Scholar
Guo, Z.T., Petit-Maire, N., and Kröpelin, S. Holocene non-orbital climatic events in present-day arid areas of northern Africa and China. Global and Planetary Change 26, (2000). 97–103.Google Scholar
Han, M.L. Agricultural exploitation and population carrying capacity of West Liaohe River valley in Liao and Jin dynasties. Geographical Research 23, (2004). 677–685. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Han, G., and Zhang, G.F. Comprehensive rehabilitational regionalization of sandy desertified lands in Hulunbuir steppe. Journal of Desert Research 20, (2000). 25–29.Google Scholar
Han, G., Zhang, G.F., and Dong, Y.X. A model for the active origin and development of source-bordering dunefields on a semiarid fluvial plain. Geomorphology 86, (2007). 512–524.Google Scholar
He, Y., Theakstone, W.H., Zhang, Z.L., Zhang, D., Yao, T.D., Chen, T., Shen, Y.P., and Pan, H.X. Asynchronous Holocene climate change across China. Quaternary Research 61, (2004). 52–63.Google Scholar
He, Z., Zhou, J., Lai, Z.P., Yang, L.H., Liang, J.M., Long, H., and Ou, X.J. Late Pleistocene sand dune activities and climatic change in the Mu Us Desert in China based on luminescence dating and lithologic stratigraphy. Quaternary Geochronology 5, (2010). 102–106.Google Scholar
Herzschuh, U. Palaeo-moisture evolution in monsoonal Central Asia during the last 50000 years. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, (2006). 163–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, Y.T., Hong, B., Lin, Q.H., Shibata, Y., Hirota, M., Zhu, Y.X., Leng, X.T., Wang, Y., Wang, H., and Yi, L. Inverse phase oscillations between the East Asian and Indian Ocean summer monsoons during the last 12000 years and paleo-El Niño. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 231, (2005). 337–346.Google Scholar
Hu, M.C. The Holocene environmental changes in Keerqin sandy land. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment 3, (1989). 51–58. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Hu, J.M., Cui, H.T., and Li, Y.Y. Reconstruction of the evolution history of man–land system since the Holocene in the Xiliao River Basin. Scientia Geographica Sinica 22, (2002). 535–542. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Huang, C.C., Pang, J.L., and Li, P.H. Abruptly increased climatic aridity and its social impact at 3100 a BP on the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Arid Environments 52, (2002). 87–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, Y.Z., Wang, N.A., He, T.H., Chen, H.Y., and Zhao, L.Q. Historical desertification of the Mu Us Desert, Northern China: a multidisciplinary study. Geomorphology 110, (2009). 108–117.Google Scholar
Jiang, W.Y., Guo, Z.T., Sun, X.J., Wu, H.B., Chu, G.Q., Yuan, B.Y., Hatte, C., and Guiot, J. Reconstruction of climate and vegetation changes of Lake Bayanchagan (Inner Mongolia): Holocene variability of the East Asian monsoon. Quaternary Research 65, (2006). 411–420.Google Scholar
Jing, A. An Introduction to Desert Archeology. (2000). Forbidden City Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Lai, Z.P. Chronology and the upper dating limit for loess samples from Luochuan section in Chinese Loess Plateau using quartz OSL SAR protocol. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 37, (2010). 176–185.Google Scholar
Lai, Z.P., Brückner, H., Zöller, L., and Fülling, A. Existence of a common growth curve for silt-sized quartz OSL of loess from different continents. Radiation Measurements 42, (2007). 1432–1440.Google Scholar
Lai, Z.P., Wintle, A.G., and Thomas, D.S.G. Rates of dust deposition between 50 ka and 20 ka revealed by OSL dating at Yuanbao on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 248, (2007). 431–439.Google Scholar
Lai, Z.P., Zöller, L., Fuchs, M., and Brückner, H. Alpha efficiency determination for OSL of quartz extracted from Chinese loess. Radiation Measurements 43, (2008). 767–770.Google Scholar
Lai, Z.P., Kaiser, K., and Brückner, H. Luminescence-dated aeolian deposits of late Quaternary age in the southern Tibetan Plateau and their implications for landscape history. Quaternary Research 72, (2009). 421–430.Google Scholar
Lancaster, N., Kocurek, G., Singhvi, A., Pandey, V., Deynoux, M., Ghienne, J., and Lô, K. Late Pleistocene and Holocene dune activity and wind regimes in the western Sahara Desert of Mauritania. Geology 30, (2002). 991–994.Google Scholar
Li, S.H., and Sun, J.M. Optical dating of Holocene dune sands from the Hulun Buir Desert, northeastern China. The Holocene 16, (2006). 457–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, H.Z., Liu, Q.S., and Wang, J.X. Study of evolution of Huangqihai and Daihai lakes in Holocene in Inner Mongolia plateau. Journal of Lake Sciences 4, (1992). 31–39. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Li, S.H., Sun, J.M., and Zhao, H. Optical dating of dune sands in the northeastern deserts of China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 181, (2002). 419–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z.P., Yue, L.P., Guo, L., Liu, S.Y., Wang, M., Nie, H.G., Yang, L.R., Sun, H., and Wang, F.Y. Holocene climate change and desertification in northern China. Northwestern Geology 40, (2007). 1–29. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Liu, X.M., Zhao, H.L., and Zhao, A.F. Blown Sand Environment and Vegetation of Horqin Sandy Land. (1996). Science Press, Beijing (In Chinese).Google Scholar
Long, H., Lai, Z.P., Wang, N.A., and Li, Y. Holocene climate variations from Zhuyeze terminal lake records in East Asian monsoon margin in arid northern China. Quaternary Research 74, (2010). 46–56.Google Scholar
Long, H., Fuchs, M., Lai, Z.P., Zhang, J.R., and Yang, L.H. Palaeodunes intercalated in Loess strata from the western Chinese Loess Plateau–Timing and palaeoclimatic implications. Quaternary International 263, (2012). 37–45.Google Scholar
Lu, H.Y., Miao, X.D., Zhou, Y.L., Mason, J., Swinehart, J., Zhang, J.F., Zhou, L.P., and Yi, S.W. Late Quaternary aeolian activity in the Mu Us and Otindag dunefields (north China) and lagged response to insolation forcing. Geophysical Research Letters 32, (2005). L21716 Google Scholar
Lu, H.Y., Mason, J.A., Stevens, T., Zhou, Y.L., Yi, S.W., and Miao, X.D. Response of surface processes to climatic change in the dunefields and Loess Plateau of North China during the late Quaternary. Earth Surface Processes and Landform 36, (2011). 1590–1603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madole, R.F., Romig, J.H., Aleinikoff, J.N., VanSistine, D.P., and Yacob, E.Y. On the origin and age of the Great Sand Dunes, Colorado. Geomorphology 99, (2008). 99–119.Google Scholar
Mason, J.A., Lu, H., Zhou, Y., Miao, X., Swinehart, J.B., Liu, Z., Goble, R.J., and Yi, S. Dune mobility and aridity at the desert margin of northern China at a time of peak monsoon strength. Geology 37, (2009). 947–950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mix, A.C., Bard, E., and Schneider, R. Environmental processes of the ice age: land, oceans, glaciers (EPILOG). Quaternary Science Reviews 20, (2001). 627–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, A.S., and Wintle, A.G. Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiation Measurements 32, (2000). 57–73.Google Scholar
Murray, A.S., and Wintle, A.G. The single aliquot regenerative dose protocol: potentials for improvements in reliability. Radiation Measurements 37, (2003). 377–381.Google Scholar
National Bureau of Cultural Relics An Atlas of Chinese Relics—Inner Mongolia Fascicule. (2003). Xi'an Map Press, Xi'an. (In Chinese) Google Scholar
Prescott, J.R., and Hutton, J.T. Cosmic ray contribution to dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating: large depths and long-term time variations. Radiation Measurements 23, (1994). 497–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qin, D.H., Chen, Y.Y., and Li, X.Y. Climate and Environment Changes in China. (2005). Science Press, Beijing (In Chinese).Google Scholar
Qiu, S.W. Study on the formation and evolution of Horqin sandy land. Scientia Geographica Sinica 9, (1989). 317–328. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Qiu, S.W. Sandy Land and Sandy Desertification in Western Northeast China. (2008). Science Press, Beijing (In Chinese).Google Scholar
Qiu, S.W., Li, Q.S., and Xia, Y.M. Paleosols of sandy lands and environmental changes in the western plain of northeast China during Holocene. Quaternary Sciences 3, (1992). 224–232. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Ren, G.Y. Influence of human activities on the late Holocene vegetation changes at Maili, northeast China. Scientia Geographica Sinica 19, (1999). 42–48. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Ren, H.C., Lü, Y.L., Yang, P., Chen, H.Z., and Shi, Y.J. History and present status of desertification in Horqin sandy land region. Journal of Desert Research 24, (2004). 544–547. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Roberts, H.M., and Duller, G.A.T. Standardised growth curves for optical dating of sediment using multiple-grain aliquots. Radiation Measurements 38, (2004). 241–252.Google Scholar
Roberts, H.M., Muhs, D.R., Wintle, A.G., Duller, G.A.T., Bettis, E.A. III Unprecedented last-glacial mass accumulation rates determined by luminescence dating of loess from western Nebraska. Quaternary Research 59, (2003). 411–419.Google Scholar
Shi, P.J., and Sun, C.Q. Palynological records of environmental changes in the middle part of Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 48, (2003). 1433–1438.Google Scholar
Shi, Y.F., Kong, Z.C., Wang, S.M., Tang, L.Y., Wang, F.B., Yao, T.D., Zhao, X.T., Zhang, P.Y., and Shi, S.H. Mid-Holocene climates and environment in China. Global and Planetary Change 7, (1993). 219–233.Google Scholar
Song, Y.Q. The Man–Land Relationship of the Origin of Chinese Civilization. (2002). Science Press, Beijing (In Chinese).Google Scholar
Su, Z.Z., Lu, Q., Wu, B., Jin, H.L., and Dong, G.R. Potential impact of climatic change and human activities on desertification in China. Journal of Desert Research 26, (2006). 329–335. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Sun, J.M., Ding, Z.L., and Liu, T.S. Desert distributions during the glacial maximum and climatic optimum example of China. Episodes 21, (1998). 28–31.Google Scholar
Sun, J.M., Li, S.H., Han, P., and Chen, Y.Y. Holocene environmental changes in the central Inner Mongolia, based on single-aliquot-quartz optical dating and multi-proxy study of dune sands. Palaeogeograghy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 233, (2006). 51–62.Google Scholar
Sun, Y.B., Clemens, S.C., Morrill, C., Lin, X.P., Wang, X.L., and An, Z.S. Influence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the East Asian winter monsoon. Nature Geoscience 5, (2012). 46–49.Google Scholar
Tan, L., Cai, Y., An, Z., Edwards, R.L., Cheng, H., Shen, C.-C., and Zhang, H.W. Centennial- to decadal-scale monsoon precipitation variability in the semi-humid region, northern China during the last 1860 years: records from stalagmites in Huangye Cave. The Holocene 21, (2011). 287–296.Google Scholar
Wang, S.C. Fastly development and causes of desertification in West Liao River basin of Inner Mongolia during the later 10 century. Journal of Desert Research 20, (2000). 238–242. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Wang, T. Desert and Desertification in China. (2003). Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang.Google Scholar
Wang, P.X., Min, Q.B., Bian, Y.H., and Cheng, X.Y. Strata of Quaternary transgressions in east China: a preliminary study. Acta Geological Sinica 55, (1981). 1–11. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Wang, Y.J., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., He, Y.Q., Kong, X.G., An, Z.S., Wu, J.Y., Kelly, M.J., Dykoski, C.A., and Li, X.D. The Holocene Asian Monsoon: links to solar changes and North Atlantic Climate. Science 308, (2005). 854–857.Google Scholar
Wang, X.M., Chen, F.H., Hasi, E., and Li, J.C. Desertification in China: an assessment. Earth-Science Reviews 88, (2008). 188–206.Google Scholar
Wang, Y.B., Liu, X.Q., and Herzschuh, U. Asynchronous evolution of the Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoon indicated by Holocene moisture patterns in monsoonal central Asia. Earth-Science Reviews 103, (2010). 135–153.Google Scholar
Wang, H.Y., Liu, H.Y., Zhu, J.L., and Yin, Y. Holocene environmental changes as recorded by mineral magnetism of sediments from Anguli-nuur Lake, southeastern Inner Mongolia Plateau, China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 285, (2010). 30–49.Google Scholar
Wen, R.L., Xiao, J.L., Chang, Z.G., Zhai, D.Y., Xu, Q.H., Li, Y.C., Itoh, S., and Lomtatidze, Z. Holocene climate changes in the mid-high-latitude-monsoon margin reflected by the pollen record from Hulun Lake, northeastern Inner Mongolia. Quaternary Research 73, (2010). 293–303.Google Scholar
Wu, H.B., and Guo, Z.T. Evolution and drought events in arid region of northern China since the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Sciences 20, (2000). 548–558. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Xiao, J.L., Xu, Q.H., Toshio, N., Yang, X.L., Liang, W.D., and Yoshio, I. Holocene vegetation variation in the Daihai Lake region of north-central China: a direct indication of the Asian monsoon climatic history. Quaternary Science Reviews 23, (2004). 1669–1679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, J., and Ding, Z.L. Compositions of heavy minerals in Northeastern China sandlands and provenance analysis. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 50, (2007). 1717–1723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, T.Z., and Han, G.H. Development of the relationship between human and environment in West Liaohe basin since Qing Dynasty. Collections of Essays on Chinese Historical Geography 19, (2004). 16–25. (In Chinese) Google Scholar
Yan, Z.W., Li, Z.Y., and Wang, X.C. An analysis of decade- to century-scale climatic jumps in history. Scientia Atmospherica Sinica 17, (1993). 663–672. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Yan, T.Z., Bai, M., and Tian, W.Z. Population growth and its influence on environment in West Liaohe basin in Qing Dynasty. Human Geography 94, (2007). 115–118. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Yang, L.B. The formation and evolution of Songliao Plain. Journal of Northeast Normal University 2, (1995). (191–124, In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Yang, X.P., and Scuderi, L.A. Hydrological and climatic changes in deserts of China since the late Pleistocene. Quaternary Research 73, (2010). 1–9.Google Scholar
Yang, B., Braeuning, A., Johnson, K.R., and Shi, Y.F. General characteristics of temperature variation in China during the last two millennia. Geophysical Research Letters 29, (2002). 1324 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014485 Google Scholar
Yang, X.P., Rost, K.T., Lehmkuhl, F., Zhu, Z.D., and Dodson, J. The evolution of dry lands in northern China and in the Republic of Mongolia since the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary International 118–119, (2004). 69–85.Google Scholar
Yang, X., Zhu, B., Wang, X., Li, C., Zhou, Z., Chen, J., Wang, X., Yin, J., and Lu, Y. Late Quaternary environmental changes and organic carbon density in the Hunshandake Sandy Land, eastern Inner Mongolia, China. Global and Planetary Change 61, (2008). 70–78.Google Scholar
Yang, L.H., Zhou, J., Lai, Z.P., Long, H., and Zhang, J.R. Lateglacial and Holocene dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield of northeastern China based on luminescence dating. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 296, (2010). 44–51.Google Scholar
Yang, X.P., Ma, N.N., Dong, J.F., Zhu, B.Q., Xu, B., Ma, Z.B., and Liu, J.Q. Recharge to the inter-dune lakes and Holocene climatic changes in the Badain Jaran Desert, western China. Quaternary Research 73, (2010). 10–19.Google Scholar
Yang, L.H., Lai, Z.P., Long, H., and Zhang, J.R. Construction of a quartz OSL standardised growth curve (SGC) for aeolian samples from the Horqin dunefield in Northeastern China. Geochronometria 38, (2011). 391–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, X.P., Scuderi, L., Paillou, P., Liu, Z.T., Li, H.W., and Ren, X.Z. Quaternary environmental changes in the drylands of China—a critical review. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, (2011). 3219–3233.Google Scholar
Yang, X.P., Li, H.W., and Conacher, A. Large-scale controls on the development of sand seas in northern China. Quaternary International 250, (2012). 74–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yao, T.D., and Thompson, L.G. Trends and features of climatic changes in the past 5000 years recorded by the Dunde ice core. Annals of Glaciology 16, (1992). 21–24.Google Scholar
Yu, G., Chen, X., Liu, J., and Wang, S.M. Preliminary study on LGM climate simulation and the diagnosis for East Asia. Cinese Science Bulletin 45, (2000). 2153–2159. (In Chinese) Google Scholar
Zhang, B.Z. Vicissitudes of Korqin sandy land from Northetn Wei to Jing Dynasties. Journal of Desert Research 11, (1991). 238–242. (In Chinese with English abstract) Google Scholar
Zhang, B., Ou, X.J., and Lai, Z.P. OSL ages revealing the glacier retreat in the Dangzi valley in the eastern Tibetan Plateau during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Geochronology 10, (2012). 244–249.Google Scholar
Zhao, H., Lu, Y.C., and Yin, J.H. Optical dating of Holocene sand dune activities in the Horqin sand-fields in Inner Mongolia, China, using the SAR protocol. Quaternary Geochronology 2, (2007). 29–33.Google Scholar
Zhou, W.J., Yu, X.F., Jull, T.A.J., Burr, G., Xiao, J.Y., Lu, X.F., and Xian, F. High-resolution evidence from southern China of an early Holocene optimum and a mid-Holocene dry event during the past 18,000 years. Quaternary Research 62, (2004). 39–48.Google Scholar
Zhou, Y.L., Lu, H.Y., Zhang, J.F., Zhou, L.P., Miao, X.D., and Mason, J.A. Active and inactive phases of sand-dune in Mu Us and Otindag Sandlands during late Quaternary suggested by OSL dating. Journal of Desert Research 25, (2005). 342–350.Google Scholar
Zhou, Y.L., Lu, H.Y., Mason, J.A., Miao, X.D., Swinehart, J.B., and Goble, R.J. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of aeolian sand in the Otindag dune field and Holocene climate change. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 51, (2008). 837–847.Google Scholar
Zhou, Y., Lu, H., Zhang, J., Mason, J.A., and Zhou, L. Luminescence dating of sand–loess sequences and response of Mu Us and Otindag sand fields (north China) to climatic changes. Journal of Quaternary Science 24, (2009). 336–344.Google Scholar