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Dynamic Pedogenesis: New Views on Some Key Soil Concepts, and a Model for Interpreting Quaternary Soils

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

D. L. Johnson ,
E. A. Keller  and
T. K. Rockwell
D. L. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
E. A. Keller
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA
T. K. Rockwell
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 USA
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Abstract

Inasmuch as soils are open systems and rarely, if ever, achieve equilibrium with their environments, it is philosophically sound to view all soils as expressing varying levels of polygenesis as that term has been redefined. Soil genesis and resultant morphology may then be viewed in a comprehensive framework of soil evolution that consists of two linked pathways, one developmental and the other regressive, that reflect interactions of both exogenous and endogenous vectors (vectors are factors, processes, and conditions of pedogenesis). Following this philosophy, a model of pedogenesis is framed in an evolutional paradigm that emphasizes the integrated effects of dynamic and passive pedogenic vectors in directing pathways and in controlling rates of soil genesis through time. The dynamic vectors include energy and mass fluxes, frequencies of soil wetting and drying, water table dynamics, organisms, feedback processes, and pedoturbation. The passive vectors include parent materials, soil chemical environment, stability of geomorphic surfaces, and various evolved soil properties and conditions (accessions). Both sets of vectors vary spatially, and the dynamic vectors, more so than passive vectors, fluctuate through time. The model is expressed as S=f(D,P,dD/dt,dD/dt) where S is the state of the soil or degree of profile evolution, D is the set of dynamic vectors, P is the set of passive vectors, and dD/dt and dP/dt denote change through time t. The model helps explain the apparent minimal development and regressed character of some old soils and the rapid and strong development of some young ones.

Type
Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , May 1990 , pp. 306 - 319
Copyright
University of Washington

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