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Saturated fat in the diet of Spanish children: relationship with anthropometric, alimentary, nutritional and lipid profiles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

MA Royo-Bordonada ,
C Garcés ,
L Gorgojo ,
JM Martín-Moreno ,
MA Lasunción ,
F Rodríguez-Artalejo ,
O Fernández  and
M de Oya
MA Royo-Bordonada*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Paseo del Prado 18–20, E-28071 Madrid, Spain
C Garcés
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Lípidos, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
L Gorgojo
Affiliation:
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Paseo del Prado 18–20, E-28071 Madrid, Spain
JM Martín-Moreno
Affiliation:
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Paseo del Prado 18–20, E-28071 Madrid, Spain Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
MA Lasunción
Affiliation:
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
F Rodríguez-Artalejo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
O Fernández
Affiliation:
Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
M de Oya
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Lípidos, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: Email mroyo@isciii.es
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Abstract

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Objective

To compare the anthropometric, alimentary, nutritional and lipid profiles and global diet quality of Spanish children according to saturated fat intake.

Design

This was a cross-sectional study. Food data were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire.

Subjects and methods

The sample included 1112 children of both sexes, aged between 6 and 7 years, selected by means of random cluster sampling in schools. The plasma lipid profile included measurements of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Global diet quality was evaluated by the Dietary Variety Index (DVI) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI).

Results

Energy intake, DVI and HEI of children from the lower quartile of saturated fat intake (LL) were higher (P < 001) than in the remaining children (UL). However, there were no significant differences in average height or weight between groups. The UL children had lower intakes of meat, fish, vegetables, fruits and olive oil and a higher intake of dairy products (P < 0.001). The intakes of fibre, vitamins C, D, B6, E and folic acid were higher in the LL children, who had lower intakes of vitamin A and calcium. The ratios LDL-C/HDL-C and apoB/apoA1 were lower (P = 0.04) in the LL children (1.87 and 0.52, respectively) than in the UL children (2.02 and 0.54, respectively).

Conclusions

The growth rate of children does not seem to be affected by the level of saturated fat intake. Furthermore, at the levels of intake observed in this study, diets with less saturated fat are associated with better alimentary, nutritional and plasma lipid profiles.

Keywords

ChildrenNutrientsDietDietary surveysFatty acids
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 9 , Issue 4 , June 2006 , pp. 429 - 435
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2006

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