Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T00:38:32.360Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Leisure-time and occupational physical activity in relation to cardiovascular risk factors and eating habits in French adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

J-M Oppert ,
F Thomas ,
M-A Charles ,
A Benetos ,
A Basdevant  and
C Simon
J-M Oppert*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital (AP-HP), University Pierre-et-Marie Curie (UPMC – Paris 6), 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, F-75181 Paris Cedex 04, France
F Thomas
Affiliation:
Centre d'investigations préventives et cliniques (IPC), Paris, France
M-A Charles
Affiliation:
INSERM U 780, Villejuif, France
A Benetos
Affiliation:
Centre d'investigations préventives et cliniques (IPC), Paris, France
A Basdevant
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital (AP-HP), University Pierre-et-Marie Curie (UPMC – Paris 6), 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, F-75181 Paris Cedex 04, France
C Simon
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Hautepierre Hospital, University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
*
*Corresponding author: Email jean-michel.oppert@htd.aphp.fr
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Objective

To investigate the relationships of two main physical activity domains (during leisure and at work) with cardiovascular risk factors and eating habits.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Preventive medicine centre.

Subjects

In 5478 adults (32% women, aged 20–80 years) who consecutively underwent a standardised health examination, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA; i.e. non-sport leisure and sport activities), occupational physical activity (OPA) and eating habits were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. We analysed sex-specific relationships of LTPA and OPA (in quartiles) with (1) various cardiovascular risk factors and (2) eating habits using analysis of variance and logistic regression, respectively.

Results

In both genders, with and without adjustment for education in addition to age, LTPA was associated negatively with body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, resting heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides, and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P ≤ 0.005). OPA adjusted for age only was positively associated with most cardiovascular risk factors but these associations were not significant after further adjustment on education (except for waist circumference in women). Age- and education-adjusted LTPA was associated with increased frequency of consumption of fruits (odds ratio (OR) = 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.68–2.52 in men; OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.41–2.05 in women) and vegetables (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.48–2.21 in men; OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.66–2.97 in women).

Conclusions

The data emphasise the favourable associations of LTPA, a modifiable behaviour, with various cardiovascular risk factors and healthy eating habits. The results also suggest that the relationships of OPA with cardiovascular risk factors depend, at least in part, on socio-economic status as reflected by educational level.

Keywords

Physical activityNutritionLifestyleCardiovascular diseaseSocio-economic status
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 9 , Issue 6 , September 2006 , pp. 746 - 754
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2006

References

1US Department of Health and Human Services (DHSS). Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US DHSS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1996.Google Scholar
2Wannamethee, SG, Shaper, AG. Physical activity in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: an epidemiological perspective. Sports Medicine 2001; 31: 101–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Eaton, CB, McPhillips, JB, Gans, KM, Garber, CE, Assaf, AR, Lasater, TM, et al. Cross-sectional relationship between diet and physical activity in two southeastern New England communities. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1995; 11: 238–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4Matthews, CE, Hebert, JR, Ockene, IS, Saperia, G, Merriam, PA. Relationship between leisure-time physical activity and selected dietary variables in the Worcester Area Trial for Counseling in Hyperlipidemia. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1997; 29: 1199–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Mensink, GB, Loose, N, Oomen, CM. Physical activity and its association with other lifestyle factors. European Journal of Epidemiology 1997; 13: 771–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Agudo, A, Pera, G. Vegetable and fruit consumption associated with anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle factors in Spain. EPIC Group of Spain. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer.. Public Health Nutrition 1999; 2: 263–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Gillman, MW, Pinto, BM, Tennstedt, S, Glanz, K, Marcus, B, Friedman, RH. Relationships of physical activity with dietary behaviors among adults. Preventive Medicine 2001; 32: 295–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Tormo, MJ, Navarro, C, Chirlaque, MD, Barber, X, Argilaga, S, Agudo, A, et al. Physical sports activity during leisure time and dietary intake of foods and nutrients in a large Spanish cohort. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 2003; 13: 47–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Kriska, AM, Caspersen, CJ. Introduction to a collection of physical activity questionnaires. In: Pereira, MA, FitzerGerald, SJ, Gregg, EW, Joswiak, ML, Ryan, WJ, Suminski, RR, et al. , eds. A Collection of Physical Activity Questionnaires for Health-related Research [special issue]. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1997; 29(Suppl. 6): S5–9.Google Scholar
10Wagner, A, Simon, C, Evans, A, Ferrieres, J, Montaye, M, Ducimetiere, P, et al. Physical activity and coronary event incidence in Northern Ireland and France: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME). Circulation 2002; 105: 2247–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Barengo, NC, Hu, G, Lakka, TA, Pekkarinen, H, Nissinen, A, Tuomilehto, J. Low physical activity as a predictor for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women in Finland. European Heart Journal 2004; 25: 2204–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12Hickey, N, Mulcahy, R, Bourke, GJ, Graham, I, Wilson-Davis, K. Study of coronary risk factors related to physical activity in 15 171 men. British Medical Journal 1975; 3: 507–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Holme, I, Helgeland, A, Hjermann, I, Leren, P, Lund-Larsen, PG. Physical activity at work and at leisure in relation to coronary risk factors and social class. A 4-year mortality follow-up. The Oslo study. Acta Medica Scandinavica 1981; 209: 277–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Seidell, JC, Cigolini, M, Deslypere, JP, Charzewska, J, Ellsinger, BM, Cruz, A. Body fat distribution in relation to physical activity and smoking habits in 38-year-old European men. The European Fat Distribution Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 1991; 133: 257–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15Duncan, BB, Chambless, LE, Schmidt, MI, Szklo, M, Folsom, AR, Carpenter, MA, et al. Correlates of body fat distribution. Variation across categories of race, sex, and body mass in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. Annals of Epidemiology 1995; 5: 192–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Greendale, GA, Bodin-Dunn, L, Ingles, S, Haile, R, Barrett-Connor, E. Leisure, home, and occupational physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogens/Progestins Intervention (PEPI) Study. Archives of Internal Medicine 1996; 156: 418–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Pols, MA, Peeters, PH, Twisk, JW, Kemper, HC, Grobbee, DE. Physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk profile in women. American Journal of Epidemiology 1997; 146: 322–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Gustat, J, Srinivasan, SR, Elkasabany, A, Berenson, GS. Relation of self-rated measures of physical activity to multiple risk factors of insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2002; 55: 997–1006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19Gutierrez-Fisac, JL, Guallar-Castillon, P, Diez-Ganan, L, Lopez Garcia, E, Banegas Banegas, JR, Rodriguez Artalejo, F. Work-related physical activity is not associated with body mass index and obesity. Obesity Research 2002; 10: 270–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Thomas, F, Rudnichi, A, Bacri, AM, Bean, K, Guize, L, Benetos, A. Cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive men according to presence of associated risk factors. Hypertension 2001; 37: 1256–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21Baecke, JA, Burema, J, Frijters, JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1982; 36: 936–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Pereira, MA, FitzerGerald, SJ, Gregg, EW, Joswiak, ML, Ryan, WJ, Suminski, RR, et al. , eds. A Collection of Physical Activity Questionnaires for Health-related Research [special issue]. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1997; 29(Suppl. 6): S1–205.Google ScholarPubMed
23Philippaerts, RM, Westerterp, KR, Lefevre, J. Doubly labelled water validation of three physical activity questionnaires. International Journal of Sports Medicine 1999; 20: 284–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24Bigard, AX, Duforez, F, Portero, P, Guezennec, CY. Assessment of physical activity by questionnaire: validity of the Baecke questionnaire. Science & Sports 1992; 7: 215–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Jacobs, DR Jr, Ainsworth, BE, Hartman, TJ, Leon, AS. A simultaneous evaluation of 10 commonly used physical activity questionnaires. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1993; 25: 81–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Richardson, MT, Ainsworth, BE, Wu, HC, Jacobs, DR Jr, Leon, AS. Ability of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)/Baecke Questionnaire to assess leisure-time physical activity. International Journal of Epidemiology 1995; 24: 685–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27Lasfargues, G, Vol, S, Le Clesiau, H, Bedouet, M, Hagel, L, Constans, T, et al. Validity of a short self-administered dietary questionnaire compared with a dietetic interview. Presse Medicale 1990; 19: 953–7.Google Scholar
28Lecomte, P, Vol, S, Caces, E, Lasfargues, G, Combe, H, Laurent, S, et al. Impaired fasting glycaemia and undiagnosed diabetes: prevalence, cardiovascular and behavioural risk factors. Diabetes & Metabolism 2002; 28: 311–20.Google ScholarPubMed
29Nunez, C, Gallagher, D, Visser, M, Pi-Sunyer, FX, Wang, Z, Heymsfield, SB. Bioimpedance analysis: evaluation of leg-to-leg system based on pressure contact footpad electrodes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1997; 29: 524–31.Google ScholarPubMed
30Salonen, JT, Slater, JS, Tuomilehto, J, Rauramaa, R. Leisure time and occupational physical activity: risk of death from ischemic heart disease. American Journal of Epidemiology 1988; 127: 87–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31Elwood, PC, Yarnell, JW, Pickering, J, Fehily, AM, O'Brien, JR. Exercise, fibrinogen, and other risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. Caerphilly Prospective Heart Disease Study. British Heart Journal 1993; 69: 183–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32Lahti-Koski, M, Pietinen, P, Heliovaara, M, Vartiainen, E. Associations of body mass index and obesity with physical activity, food choices, alcohol intake, and smoking in the 1982–1997 FINRISK Studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002; 75: 809–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33Bertrais, S, Beyeme-Ondoua, JP, Czernichow, S, Galan, P, Hercberg, S, Oppert, JM. Sedentary behaviors, physical activity, and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged French subjects. Obesity Research 2005; 13: 936–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34Bertrais, S, Preziosi, P, Mennen, L, Galan, P, Hercberg, S, Oppert, JM. Sociodemographic and geographic correlates of meeting current recommendations for physical activity in middle-aged French adults: the Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants (SUVIMAX) Study. American Journal of Public Health 2004; 94: 1560–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35Jousilahti, P, Vartiainen, E, Tuomilehto, J, Puska, P. Sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary heart disease: a prospective follow-up study of 14 786 middle-aged men and women in Finland. Circulation 1999; 99: 1165–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36Ness, AR, Powles, JW. Fruit and vegetables, and cardiovascular disease: a review. International Journal of Epidemiology 1997; 26: 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37Hu, FB, Willett, WC. Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002; 288: 2569–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38Wagner, A, Simon, C, Evans, A, Ducimetiere, P, Bongard, V, Montaye, M, et al. PRIME Study Group. Physical activity patterns in 50–59 year men in France and Northern Ireland. Associations with socio-economic status and health behaviour. European Journal of Epidemiology 2003; 18: 321–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Liu, S, Sesso, HD, Manson, JE, Willett, WC, Buring, JE. Is intake of breakfast cereals related to total and cause-specific mortality in men? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003; 77: 594–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40Perrin, AE, Dallongeville, J, Ducimetiere, P, Ruidavets, JB, Schlienger, JL, Arveiler, D, et al. Interactions between traditional regional determinants and socio-economic status on dietary patterns in a sample of French men. British Journal of Nutrition 2005; 93: 109–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41Baecke, JA, Burema, J, Frijters, JE, Hautvast, JG, van der Wiel-Wetzels, WA. Obesity in young Dutch adults: II, daily life-style and body mass index. International Journal of Obesity 1983; 7: 13–24.Google ScholarPubMed
42Kaplan, GA, Keil, JE. Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature. Circulation 1993; 88: 1973–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43Marmot, MG, Bosma, H, Hemingway, H, Brunner, E, Stansfeld, S. Contribution of job control and other risk factors to social variations in coronary heart disease incidence. Lancet 1997; 350: 235–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44Rothenbacher, D, Hoffmeister, A, Brenner, H, Koenig, W. Physical activity, coronary heart disease, and inflammatory response. Archives of Internal Medicine 2003; 163: 1200–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45Tremblay, A, Doucet, E. Influence of intense physical activity on energy balance and body fatness. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 1999; 58: 99–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46Bjorntorp, P. Do stress reactions cause abdominal obesity and comorbidities? Obesity Reviews 2001; 2: 73–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47Fransson, E, De Faire, U, Ahlbom, A, Reuterwall, C, Hallqvist, J, Alfredsson, L. The risk of acute myocardial infarction: interactions of types of physical activity. Epidemiology 2004; 15: 573–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48Wagner, A, Simon, C, Ducimetiere, P, Montaye, M, Bongard, V, Yarnell, J, et al. Leisure-time physical activity and regular walking or cycling to work are associated with adiposity and 5 y weight gain in middle-aged men: the PRIME Study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 2001; 25: 940–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49Hu, G, Qiao, Q, Silventoinen, K, Eriksson, JG, Jousilahti, P, Lindstrom, J, et al. Occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity in relation to risk for type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Finnish men and women. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 322–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed