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Regular recreational Cannabis users exhibit altered neural oscillatory dynamics during attention reorientation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2021

Seth D. Springer Open the ORCID record for Seth D. Springer [Opens in a new window] ,
Rachel K. Spooner ,
Mikki Schantell ,
Yasra Arif ,
Michaela R. Frenzel ,
Jacob A. Eastman  and
Tony W. Wilson Open the ORCID record for Tony W. Wilson [Opens in a new window]
Seth D. Springer
Affiliation:
Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Rachel K. Spooner
Affiliation:
Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Mikki Schantell
Affiliation:
Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Yasra Arif
Affiliation:
Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Michaela R. Frenzel
Affiliation:
Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Jacob A. Eastman
Affiliation:
Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Tony W. Wilson*
Affiliation:
Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Tony W. Wilson, E-mail: tony.wilson@boystown.org
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Abstract

Background

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States and is often associated with changes in attention function, which may ultimately impact numerous other cognitive faculties (e.g. memory, executive function). Importantly, despite the increasing rates of cannabis use and widespread legalization in the United States, the neural mechanisms underlying attentional dysfunction in chronic users are poorly understood.

Methods

We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a modified Posner cueing task in 21 regular cannabis users and 32 demographically matched non-user controls. MEG data were imaged in the time−frequency domain using a beamformer and peak voxel time series were extracted to quantify the oscillatory dynamics underlying use-related aberrations in attentional reorienting, as well as the impact on spontaneous neural activity immediately preceding stimulus onset.

Results

Behavioral performance on the task (e.g. reaction time) was similar between regular cannabis users and non-user controls. However, the neural data indicated robust theta-band synchronizations across a distributed network during attentional reorienting, with activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri being markedly stronger in users relative to controls (p's < 0.036). Additionally, we observed significantly reduced spontaneous theta activity across this distributed network during the pre-stimulus baseline in cannabis users relative to controls (p's < 0.020).

Conclusions

Despite similar performance on the task, we observed specific alterations in the neural dynamics serving attentional reorienting in regular cannabis users compared to controls. These data suggest that regular cannabis users may employ compensatory processing in the prefrontal cortices to efficiently reorient their attention relative to non-user controls.

Keywords

magnetoencephalographyMEGthetaposnerspontaneous activity
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 4 , March 2023 , pp. 1205 - 1214
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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