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Individual and environmental correlates of childhood maltreatment and exposure to community violence: Utilizing a latent profile and a multilevel meta-analytic approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2021

Suzanne Estrada Open the ORCID record for Suzanne Estrada [Opens in a new window] ,
Dylan G. Gee Open the ORCID record for Dylan G. Gee [Opens in a new window] ,
Ivana Bozic ,
Michelle Cinguina ,
Jutta Joormann Open the ORCID record for Jutta Joormann [Opens in a new window]  and
Arielle Baskin-Sommers Open the ORCID record for Arielle Baskin-Sommers [Opens in a new window]
Suzanne Estrada*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Dylan G. Gee
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Ivana Bozic
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Michelle Cinguina
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, TX 78705, USA
Jutta Joormann
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Arielle Baskin-Sommers
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Suzanne Estrada, E-mail: suzanne.estrada@yale.edu
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Abstract

Background

Childhood maltreatment (CM) and exposure to community violence (ETV) are correlated with physical/mental health and psychosocial problems. Typically, CM and ETV are examined separately, by subtypes within category, or collapsed across both into one category of adversity. Consequently, research is limited in identifying subgroups of individuals with different amounts of exposure to both CM and ETV. Accordingly, we lack sufficient understanding of the extent to which problems associated with CM and ETV vary based on the amount (i.e. dose) of exposure to both of these experiences.

Methods

We used 20 samples (28,300 individuals) to estimate person-centered profiles of CM and ETV occurrence and co-occurrence within each sample. An individual data multilevel meta-analytic framework was used to determine the average effect size across samples for different profiles and conditional probability correlations within sociodemographic, neighborhood, health, mental health, and psychosocial domains.

Results

The profile characterized by high levels of CM and high levels of ETV correlated with stressful life events, depression and anxiety symptoms, and general indicators of externalizing behaviors. CM predominant profiles were associated with mental health diagnoses and treatment. ETV predominant profiles associated with risk-taking/violent behavior and neighborhood-level disadvantage. However, nuance based on the dose of CM or ETV was evident.

Conclusions

It is important to identify subgroups based on the amount of exposure to CM and ETV. These subgroups have differential relationships with correlates across domains. Greater delineation and description of the lived experience will allow for more precision in addressing the burden of childhood adversity.

Keywords

childhood maltreatmentexposure to community violencehealthmental healthmeta-analysis
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 1 , January 2023 , pp. 189 - 205
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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