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Dimensional personality impairment is associated with disruptions in intrinsic intralimbic functional connectivity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2021

Jenna M. Traynor Open the ORCID record for Jenna M. Traynor [Opens in a new window] ,
Johannes S. Wrege ,
Marc Walter  and
Anthony C. Ruocco
Jenna M. Traynor
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Johannes S. Wrege
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Marc Walter
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Anthony C. Ruocco*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Anthony C. Ruocco, E-mail: anthony.ruocco@utoronto.ca
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Abstract

Background

Recently proposed alternative dimensional models of personality disorder (PD) place the severity of impairments in self and interpersonal functioning at the core of personality pathology. However, associations of these impairments with disturbances in social, cognitive, and affective brain networks remain uninvestigated.

Methods

The present study examined patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in a sample of 74 age- and sex-matched participants (45 inpatients with PD and 29 healthy controls). At a minimum, PD patients carried a diagnosis of borderline PD, although the majority of the sample had one or more additional PDs. rsFC patterns in the following networks were compared between groups and in association with dimensional personality impairments: default mode network (DMN)/core mentalization, frontolimbic, salience, and central executive. Further, the extent to which variation in rsFC was explained by levels of personality impairment as compared to typology-specific borderline PD symptom severity was explored.

Results

Relative to controls, the PD group showed disruptions in rsFC within the DMN/core mentalization and frontolimbic networks. Among PD patients, greater severity of dimensional self-interpersonal impairment was associated with stronger intralimbic rsFC. In contrast, severity of borderline PD-specific typology was not associated with any rsFC patterns.

Conclusions

Disruptions in core mentalization and affective networks are present in PD. Higher intralimbic functional connectivity may underlie self-interpersonal personality impairment in PD regardless of diagnostic typology-specific PD symptoms, providing initial neurobiological evidence supporting alternative dimensional conceptualizations of personality pathology.

Keywords

Personality impairmentfunctional connectivitylimbic systempersonality disorderresting-state fMRI
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 4 , March 2023 , pp. 1323 - 1333
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

Indicates shared first author.

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