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Are there temporal subtypes of premenstrual dysphoric disorder?: using group-based trajectory modeling to identify individual differences in symptom change

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 April 2019

Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul ,
Gudrun Kaiser ,
Cornelia Weise ,
Katja M. Schmalenberger ,
Jeff Kiesner ,
Beate Ditzen  and
Maria Kleinstäuber
Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Gudrun Kaiser
Affiliation:
University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Cornelia Weise
Affiliation:
University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Katja M. Schmalenberger
Affiliation:
Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Jeff Kiesner
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
Beate Ditzen
Affiliation:
Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Maria Kleinstäuber
Affiliation:
University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
*
Author for correspondence: Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul, E-mail: temo@uic.edu
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Abstract

Background

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 diagnosis characterized by the cyclical emergence of emotional and physical symptoms in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, with symptom remission in the follicular phase. Converging evidence highlights the possibility of distinct subtypes of PMDD with unique pathophysiologies, but temporal subgroups have yet to be explored in a systematic way.

Methods

In the current work, we use group-based trajectory modeling to identify unique trajectory subgroups of core emotional and total PMDD symptoms across the perimenstrual frame (days −14 to +9, where day 0 is menstrual onset) in a sample of 74 individuals prospectively diagnosed with DSM-5 PMDD.

Results

For the total daily symptom score, the best-fitting model was comprised of three groups: a group demonstrating moderate symptoms only in the premenstrual week (65%), a group demonstrating severe symptoms across the full 2 weeks of the luteal phase (17.5%), and a group demonstrating severe symptoms in the premenstrual week that were slow to resolve in the follicular phase (17.5%).

Conclusions

These trajectory groups are discussed in the context of the latest work on the pathophysiology of PMDD. Experimental work is needed to test for the presence of possible pathophysiologic differences in trajectory groups, and whether unique treatment approaches are needed.

Keywords

Group-based trajectory modelingmenstrual cyclepremenstrual syndromepremenstrual dysphoric disorder
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 50 , Issue 6 , April 2020 , pp. 964 - 972
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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