Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Home
  • Home
EnglishFrançais
Psychological Medicine Psychological Medicine

Article contents

Interaction between environmental and familial affective risk impacts psychosis admixture in states of affective dysregulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 October 2018

Rajiv Radhakrishnan ,
Sinan Guloksuz ,
Margreet ten Have ,
Ron de Graaf ,
Saskia van Dorsselaer ,
Nicole Gunther ,
Christian Rauschenberg ,
Ulrich Reininghaus ,
Lotta-Katrin Pries ,
Maarten Bak  and
Jim van Os
Rajiv Radhakrishnan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Sinan Guloksuz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Margreet ten Have
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Ron de Graaf
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Saskia van Dorsselaer
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Nicole Gunther
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands School of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
Christian Rauschenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Ulrich Reininghaus
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
Lotta-Katrin Pries
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Maarten Bak
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Jim van Os
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
Corresponding
E-mail address:
vanosj@gmail.com
Get access
Rights & Permissions[Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Evidence suggests that cannabis use, childhood adversity, and urbanicity, in interaction with proxy measures of genetic risk, may facilitate onset of psychosis in the sense of early affective dysregulation becoming ‘complicated’ by, first, attenuated psychosis and, eventually, full-blown psychotic symptoms.

Methods

Data were derived from three waves of the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). The impact of environmental risk factors (cannabis use, childhood adversity, and urbanicity) was analyzed across severity levels of psychopathology defined by the degree to which affective dysregulation was ‘complicated’ by low-grade psychotic experiences (‘attenuated psychosis’ – moderately severe) and, overt psychotic symptoms leading to help-seeking (‘clinical psychosis’ – most severe). Familial and non-familial strata were defined based on family history of (mostly) affective disorder and used as a proxy for genetic risk in models of family history × environmental risk interaction.

Results

In proxy gene–environment interaction analysis, childhood adversity and cannabis use, and to a lesser extent urbanicity, displayed greater-than-additive risk if there was also evidence of familial affective liability. In addition, the interaction contrast ratio grew progressively greater across severity levels of psychosis admixture (none, attenuated psychosis, clinical psychosis) complicating affective dysregulation.

Conclusion

Known environmental risks interact with familial evidence of affective liability in driving the level of psychosis admixture in states of early affective dysregulation in the general population, constituting an affective pathway to psychosis. There is interest in decomposing family history of affective liability into the environmental and genetic components that underlie the interactions as shown here.

Keywords

Affective dysregulation cannabis childhood adversity familial risk population survey psychoses risk factors urbanicity
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 49 , Issue 11 , August 2019 , pp. 1879 - 1889
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below.
If you should have access and can't see this content please contact technical support.

Footnotes

*

These authors contributed as joint first authors.

References

Addington, J, Cadenhead, KS, Cannon, TD, Cornblatt, B, McGlashan, TH, Perkins, DO, Seidman, LJ, Tsuang, M, Walker, EF, Woods, SW, Heinssen, R and North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (2007) North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study: a collaborative multisite approach to prodromal schizophrenia research. Schizophrenia Bulletin 33, 665–672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alonso, J, Angermeyer, MC, Bernert, S, Bruffaerts, R, Brugha, TS, Bryson, H, de Girolamo, G, Graaf, R, Demyttenaere, K, Gasquet, I, Haro, JM, Katz, SJ, Kessler, RC, Kovess, V, Lepine, JP, Ormel, J, Polidori, G, Russo, LJ, Vilagut, G, Almansa, J, Arbabzadeh-Bouchez, S, Autonell, J, Bernal, M, Buist-Bouwman, MA, Codony, M, Domingo-Salvany, A, Ferrer, M, Joo, SS, Martinez-Alonso, M, Matschinger, H, Mazzi, F, Morgan, Z, Morosini, P, Palacin, C, Romera, B, Taub, N, Vollebergh, WA, ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators and European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) Project (2004) Sampling and methods of the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplementum 420, 8–20.Google Scholar
Andrews, G and Peters, L (1998) The psychometric properties of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 33, 80–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Armando, M, Lin, A, Girardi, P, Righetti, V, Dario, C, Saba, R, Decrescenzo, F, Mazzone, L, Vicari, S, Birchwood, M and Fiori Nastro, P (2013) Prevalence of psychotic-like experiences in young adults with social anxiety disorder and correlation with affective dysregulation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 201, 1053–1059.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bird, JC, Waite, F, Rowsell, E, Fergusson, EC and Freeman, D (2017) Cognitive, affective, and social factors maintaining paranoia in adolescents with mental health problems: a longitudinal study. Psychiatry Research 257, 34–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brucato, G, Masucci, MD, Arndt, LY, Ben-David, S, Colibazzi, T, Corcoran, CM, Crumbley, AH, Crump, FM, Gill, KE, Kimhy, D, Lister, A, Schobel, SA, Yang, LH, Lieberman, JA and Girgis, RR (2017) Baseline demographics, clinical features and predictors of conversion among 200 individuals in a longitudinal prospective psychosis-risk cohort. Psychological Medicine 47, 1923–1935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardno, AG, Marshall, EJ, Coid, B, Macdonald, AM, Ribchester, TR, Davies, NJ, Venturi, P, Jones, LA, Lewis, SW, Sham, PC, Gottesman, II, Farmer, AE, McGuffin, P, Reveley, AM and Murray, RM (1999) Heritability estimates for psychotic disorders: the Maudsley twin psychosis series. Archives of General Psychiatry 56, 162–168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cougnard, A, Marcelis, M, Myin-Germeys, I, De Graaf, R, Vollebergh, W, Krabbendam, L, Lieb, R, Wittchen, HU, Henquet, C, Spauwen, J and Van Os, J (2007) Does normal developmental expression of psychosis combine with environmental risk to cause persistence of psychosis? A psychosis proneness-persistence model. Psychological Medicine 37, 513–527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Lee, SH, Ripke, S, Neale, BM, Faraone, SV, Purcell, SM, Perlis, RH, Mowry, BJ, Thapar, A, Goddard, ME, Witte, JS, Absher, D, Agartz, I, Akil, H, Amin, F, Andreassen, OA, Anjorin, A, Anney, R, Anttila, V, Arking, DE, Asherson, P, Azevedo, MH, Backlund, L, Badner, JA, Bailey, AJ, Banaschewski, T, Barchas, JD, Barnes, MR, Barrett, TB, Bass, N, Battaglia, A, Bauer, M, Bayes, M, Bellivier, F, Bergen, SE, Berrettini, W, Betancur, C, Bettecken, T, Biederman, J, Binder, EB, Black, DW, Blackwood, DH, Bloss, CS, Boehnke, M, Boomsma, DI, Breen, G, Breuer, R, Bruggeman, R, Cormican, P, Buccola, NG, Buitelaar, JK, Bunney, WE, Buxbaum, JD, Byerley, WF, Byrne, EM, Caesar, S, Cahn, W, Cantor, RM, Casas, M, Chakravarti, A, Chambert, K, Choudhury, K, Cichon, S, Cloninger, CR, Collier, DA, Cook, EH, Coon, H, Cormand, B, Corvin, A, Coryell, WH, Craig, DW, Craig, IW, Crosbie, J, Cuccaro, ML, Curtis, D, Czamara, D, Datta, S, Dawson, G, Day, R, De Geus, EJ, Degenhardt, F, Djurovic, S, Donohoe, GJ, Doyle, AE, Duan, J, Dudbridge, F, Duketis, E, Ebstein, RP, Edenberg, HJ, Elia, J, Ennis, S, Etain, B, Fanous, A, Farmer, AE, Ferrier, IN, Flickinger, M, Fombonne, E, Foroud, T, Frank, J, Franke, B, Fraser, C, Freedman, R, Freimer, NB, Freitag, CM, Friedl, M, Frisen, L, Gallagher, L, Gejman, PV, Georgieva, L, Gershon, ES, Geschwind, DH, Giegling, I, Gill, M, Gordon, SD, Gordon-Smith, K, Green, EK, Greenwood, TA, Grice, DE, Gross, M, Grozeva, D, Guan, W, Gurling, H, De Haan, L, Haines, JL, Hakonarson, H, Hallmayer, J, Hamilton, SP, Hamshere, ML, Hansen, TF, Hartmann, AM, Hautzinger, M, Heath, AC, Henders, AK, Herms, S, Hickie, IB, Hipolito, M, Hoefels, S, Holmans, PA, Holsboer, F, Hoogendijk, WJ, Hottenga, JJ, Hultman, CM, Hus, V, Ingason, A, Ising, M, Jamain, S, Jones, EG, Jones, I, Jones, L, Tzeng, JY, Kahler, AK, Kahn, RS, Kandaswamy, R, Keller, MC, Kennedy, JL, Kenny, E, Kent, L, Kim, Y, Kirov, GK, Klauck, SM, Klei, L, Knowles, JA, Kohli, MA, Koller, DL, Konte, B, Korszun, A, Krabbendam, L, Krasucki, R, Kuntsi, J, Kwan, P, Landen, M, Langstrom, N, Lathrop, M, Lawrence, J, Lawson, WB, Leboyer, M, Ledbetter, DH, Lee, PH, Lencz, T, Lesch, KP, Levinson, DF, Lewis, CM, Li, J, Lichtenstein, P, Lieberman, JA, Lin, DY, Linszen, DH, Liu, C, Lohoff, FW, Loo, SK, Lord, C, Lowe, JK, Lucae, S, MacIntyre, DJ, Madden, PA, Maestrini, E, Magnusson, PK, Mahon, PB, Maier, W, Malhotra, AK, Mane, SM, Martin, CL, Martin, NG, Mattheisen, M, Matthews, K, Mattingsdal, M, McCarroll, SA, McGhee, KA, McGough, JJ, McGrath, PJ, McGuffin, P, McInnis, MG, McIntosh, A, McKinney, R, McLean, AW, McMahon, FJ, McMahon, WM, McQuillin, A, Medeiros, H, Medland, SE, Meier, S, Melle, I, Meng, F, Meyer, J, Middeldorp, CM, Middleton, L, Milanova, V, Miranda, A, Monaco, AP, Montgomery, GW, Moran, JL, Moreno-De-Luca, D, Morken, G, Morris, DW, Morrow, EM, Moskvina, V, Muglia, P, Muhleisen, TW, Muir, WJ, Muller-Myhsok, B, Murtha, M, Myers, RM, Myin-Germeys, I, Neale, MC, Nelson, SF, Nievergelt, CM, Nikolov, I, Nimgaonkar, V, Nolen, WA, Nothen, MM, Nurnberger, JI, Nwulia, EA, Nyholt, DR, O'Dushlaine, C, Oades, RD, Olincy, A, Oliveira, G, Olsen, L, Ophoff, RA, Osby, U, Owen, MJ, Palotie, A, Parr, JR, Paterson, AD, Pato, CN, Pato, MT, Penninx, BW, Pergadia, ML, Pericak-Vance, MA, Pickard, BS, Pimm, J, Piven, J, Posthuma, D, Potash, JB, Poustka, F, Propping, P, Puri, V, Quested, DJ, Quinn, EM, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Rasmussen, HB, Raychaudhuri, S, Rehnstrom, K, Reif, A, Ribases, M, Rice, JP, Rietschel, M, Roeder, K, Roeyers, H, Rossin, L, Rothenberger, A, Rouleau, G, Ruderfer, D, Rujescu, D, Sanders, AR, Sanders, SJ, Santangelo, SL, Sergeant, JA, Schachar, R, Schalling, M, Schatzberg, AF, Scheftner, WA, Schellenberg, GD, Scherer, SW, Schork, NJ, Schulze, TG, Schumacher, J, Schwarz, M, Scolnick, E, Scott, LJ, Shi, J, Shilling, PD, Shyn, SI, Silverman, JM, Slager, SL, Smalley, SL, Smit, JH, Smith, EN, Sonuga-Barke, EJ, St Clair, D, State, M, Steffens, M, Steinhausen, HC, Strauss, JS, Strohmaier, J, Stroup, TS, Sutcliffe, JS, Szatmari, P, Szelinger, S, Thirumalai, S, Thompson, RC, Todorov, AA, Tozzi, F, Treutlein, J, Uhr, M, van den Oord, EJ, Van Grootheest, G, Van Os, J, Vicente, AM, Vieland, VJ, Vincent, JB, Visscher, PM, Walsh, CA, Wassink, TH, Watson, SJ, Weissman, MM, Werge, T, Wienker, TF, Wijsman, EM, Willemsen, G, Williams, N, Willsey, AJ, Witt, SH, Xu, W, Young, AH, Yu, TW, Zammit, S, Zandi, PP, Zhang, P, Zitman, FG, Zollner, S, Devlin, B, Kelsoe, JR, Sklar, P, Daly, MJ, O'Donovan, MC, Craddock, N, Sullivan, PF, Smoller, JW, Kendler, KS, Wray, NR and International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (2013) Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs. Nature Genetics 45, 984–994.Google ScholarPubMed
Crump, FM, Arndt, L, Grivel, M, Horga, G, Corcoran, CM, Brucato, G and Girgis, RR (2017) Attenuated first-rank symptoms and conversion to psychosis in a clinical high-risk cohort. Early Intervention in Psychiatry (Epub ahead of print).Google Scholar
de Graaf, ROJ, ten Have, M, Burger, H and Buist-Bouwman, M (2008) Mental disorders and service use in the Netherlands. Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD). In Ustun TB and Kessler, RC (ed.), The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, pp. 388–405.Google Scholar
de Graaf, R, Ten Have, M and van Dorsselaer, S (2010) The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2): design and methods. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 19, 125–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Graaf, R, ten Have, M, van Gool, C and van Dorsselaer, S (2012) Prevalence of mental disorders and trends from 1996 to 2009. Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 47, 203–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Graaf, R, van Dorsselaer, S, Tuithof, M and ten Have, M (2013) Sociodemographic and psychiatric predictors of attrition in a prospective psychiatric epidemiological study among the general population. Result of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2. Comprehensive Psychiatry 54, 1131–1139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Graaf, R, van Dorsselaer, S, Tuithof, M and ten Have, M (2015) Sociodemographic and Psychiatric Predictors of Attrition in the Third Wave of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2). Utrecht: Trimbos-Instituut.Google Scholar
Dorard, G, Berthoz, S, Phan, O, Corcos, M and Bungener, C (2008) Affect dysregulation in cannabis abusers: a study in adolescents and young adults. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 17, 274–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Souza, DC, Radhakrishnan, R, Sherif, M, Cortes-Briones, J, Cahill, J, Gupta, S, Skosnik, PD and Ranganathan, M (2016) Cannabinoids and Psychosis. Current Pharmaceutical Design 22, 6380–6391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, HL, Craig, TK, Fearon, P, Morgan, K, Dazzan, P, Lappin, J, Hutchinson, G, Doody, GA, Jones, PB, McGuffin, P, Murray, RM, Leff, J and Morgan, C (2011) Reliability and comparability of psychosis patients’ retrospective reports of childhood abuse. Schizophrenia Bulletin 37, 546–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, D, Dunn, G, Fowler, D, Bebbington, P, Kuipers, E, Emsley, R, Jolley, S and Garety, P (2013a) Current paranoid thinking in patients with delusions: the presence of cognitive-affective biases. Schizophrenia Bulletin 39, 1281–1287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, D, Startup, H, Dunn, G, Cernis, E, Wingham, G, Pugh, K, Cordwell, J and Kingdon, D (2013b) The interaction of affective with psychotic processes: a test of the effects of worrying on working memory, jumping to conclusions, and anomalies of experience in patients with persecutory delusions. Journal of Psychiatric Research 47, 1837–1842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fusar-Poli, P, Nelson, B, Valmaggia, L, Yung, AR and McGuire, PK (2014) Comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders in 509 individuals with an at-risk mental state: impact on psychopathology and transition to psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 40, 120–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garety, PA, Kuipers, E, Fowler, D, Freeman, D and Bebbington, PE (2001) A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Psychological Medicine 31, 189–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis Investigators (2011) Evidence that familial liability for psychosis is expressed as differential sensitivity to cannabis: an analysis of patient-sibling and sibling-control pairs. Archives of General Psychiatry 68, 138–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guloksuz, S and van Os, J (2017) The slow death of the concept of schizophrenia and the painful birth of the psychosis spectrum. Psychological Medicine 48, 229–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guloksuz, S, van Nierop, M, Lieb, R, van Winkel, R, Wittchen, HU and van Os, J (2015) Evidence that the presence of psychosis in non-psychotic disorder is environment-dependent and mediated by severity of non-psychotic psychopathology. Psychological Medicine 45, 2389–2401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guloksuz, S, van Nierop, M, Bak, M, de Graaf, R, Ten Have, M, van Dorsselaer, S, Gunther, N, Lieb, R, van Winkel, R, Wittchen, HU and van Os, J (2016) Exposure to environmental factors increases connectivity between symptom domains in the psychopathology network. BMC Psychiatry 16, 223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hafner, H, Loffler, W, Maurer, K, Hambrecht, M and an der Heiden, W (1999) Depression, negative symptoms, social stagnation and social decline in the early course of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 100, 105–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanssen, M, Bak, M, Bijl, R, Vollebergh, W and van Os, J (2005) The incidence and outcome of subclinical psychotic experiences in the general population. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 44, 181–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinz, A, Deserno, L and Reininghaus, U (2013) Urbanicity, social adversity and psychosis. World Psychiatry 12, 187–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isvoranu, AM, Borsboom, D, van Os, J and Guloksuz, S (2016a) A network approach to environmental impact in psychotic disorder: brief theoretical framework. Schizophrenia Bulletin 42, 870–873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isvoranu, AM, van Borkulo, CD, Boyette, LL, Wigman, JT, Vinkers, CH, Borsboom, D and Group Investigators (2016b) A network approach to psychosis: pathways between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms. Schizophrenia Bulletin 43, 187–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapur, S, Mizrahi, R and Li, M (2005) From dopamine to salience to psychosis – linking biology, pharmacology and phenomenology of psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 79, 59–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelleher, I, Keeley, H, Corcoran, P, Lynch, F, Fitzpatrick, C, Devlin, N, Molloy, C, Roddy, S, Clarke, MC, Harley, M, Arseneault, L, Wasserman, C, Carli, V, Sarchiapone, M, Hoven, C, Wasserman, D and Cannon, M (2012) Clinicopathological significance of psychotic experiences in non-psychotic young people: evidence from four population-based studies. British Journal of Psychiatry 201, 26–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klippel, A, Myin-Germeys, I, Chavez-Baldini, U, Preacher, KJ, Kempton, M, Valmaggia, L, Calem, M, So, S, Beards, S, Hubbard, K, Gayer-Anderson, C, Onyejiaka, A, Wichers, M, McGuire, P, Murray, R, Garety, P, van Os, J, Wykes, T, Morgan, C and Reininghaus, U (2017) Modeling the interplay between psychological processes and adverse, stressful contexts and experiences in pathways to psychosis: an experience sampling study. Schizophrenia Bulletin 43, 302–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knol, MJ, van der Tweel, I, Grobbee, DE, Numans, ME and Geerlings, MI (2007) Estimating interaction on an additive scale between continuous determinants in a logistic regression model. International Journal of Epidemiology 36, 1111–1118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krabbendam, L, Myin-Germeys, I, Hanssen, M, de Graaf, R, Vollebergh, W, Bak, M and van Os, J (2005) Development of depressed mood predicts onset of psychotic disorder in individuals who report hallucinatory experiences. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 44, 113–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kramer, I, Simons, CJ, Wigman, JT, Collip, D, Jacobs, N, Derom, C, Thiery, E, van Os, J, Myin-Germeys, I and Wichers, M (2014) Time-lagged moment-to-moment interplay between negative affect and paranoia: new insights in the affective pathway to psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 40, 278–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linscott, RJ and van Os, J (2010) Systematic reviews of categorical versus continuum models in psychosis: evidence for discontinuous subpopulations underlying a psychometric continuum. Implications for DSM-V, DSM-VI, and DSM-VII. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 6, 391–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linscott, RJ and van Os, J (2013) An updated and conservative systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence on psychotic experiences in children and adults: on the pathway from proneness to persistence to dimensional expression across mental disorders. Psychological Medicine 43, 1133–1149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marconi, A, Di Forti, M, Lewis, CM, Murray, RM and Vassos, E (2016) Meta-analysis of the association between the level of cannabis use and risk of psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 42, 1262–1269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMillan, KA, Enns, MW, Cox, BJ and Sareen, J (2009) Comorbidity of axis I and II mental disorders with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders: findings from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 54, 477–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milne, BJ, Caspi, A, Harrington, H, Poulton, R, Rutter, M and Moffitt, TE (2009) Predictive value of family history on severity of illness: the case for depression, anxiety, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry 66, 738–747.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgan, C, Reininghaus, U, Reichenberg, A, Frissa, S, SELCoH study team, Hotopf, M and Hatch, SL (2014) Adversity, cannabis use and psychotic experiences: evidence of cumulative and synergistic effects. British Journal of Psychiatry 204, 346–353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myin-Germeys, I and van Os, J (2007) Stress-reactivity in psychosis: evidence for an affective pathway to psychosis. Clinical Psychology Review 27, 409–424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nivard, MG, Gage, SH, Hottenga, JJ, van Beijsterveldt, CE, Abdellaoui, A, Bartels, M, Baselmans, BM, Ligthart, L, Pourcain, BS, Boomsma, DI, Munafo, MR and Middeldorp, CM (2017) Genetic overlap between schizophrenia and developmental psychopathology: longitudinal and multivariate polygenic risk prediction of common psychiatric traits during development. Schizophrenia Bulletin 43, 1197–1207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pedersen, CB and Mortensen, PB (2001) Evidence of a dose-response relationship between urbanicity during upbringing and schizophrenia risk. Archives of General Psychiatry 58, 1039–1046.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reininghaus, U, Kempton, MJ, Valmaggia, L, Craig, TK, Garety, P, Onyejiaka, A, Gayer-Anderson, C, So, SH, Hubbard, K, Beards, S, Dazzan, P, Pariante, C, Mondelli, V, Fisher, HL, Mills, JG, Viechtbauer, W, McGuire, P, van Os, J, Murray, RM, Wykes, T, Myin-Germeys, I and Morgan, C (2016) Stress sensitivity, aberrant salience, and threat anticipation in early psychosis: an experience sampling study. Schizophrenia Bulletin 42, 712–722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smeets, F, Lataster, T, Dominguez, MD, Hommes, J, Lieb, R, Wittchen, HU and van Os, J (2012) Evidence that onset of psychosis in the population reflects early hallucinatory experiences that through environmental risks and affective dysregulation become complicated by delusions. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 531–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stochl, J, Khandaker, GM, Lewis, G, Perez, J, Goodyer, IM, Zammit, S, Sullivan, S, Croudace, TJ and Jones, PB (2015) Mood, anxiety and psychotic phenomena measure a common psychopathological factor. Psychological Medicine 45, 1483–1493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Dam, DS, van Nierop, M, Viechtbauer, W, Velthorst, E, van Winkel, R, Bruggeman, R, Cahn, W, de Haan, L, Kahn, RS, Meijer, CJ, Myin-Germeys, I, van Os, J, Wiersma, D and Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) (2015) Childhood abuse and neglect in relation to the presence and persistence of psychotic and depressive symptomatology. Psychological Medicine 45, 1363–1377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Nierop, M, van Os, J, Gunther, N, Myin-Germeys, I, de Graaf, R, ten Have, M, van Dorsselaer, S, Bak, M and van Winkel, R (2012) Phenotypically continuous with clinical psychosis, discontinuous in need for care: evidence for an extended psychosis phenotype. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 231–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Nierop, M, van Os, J, Gunther, N, van Zelst, C, de Graaf, R, ten Have, M, van Dorsselaer, S, Bak, M, Myin-Germeys, I and van Winkel, R (2014) Does social defeat mediate the association between childhood trauma and psychosis? Evidence from the NEMESIS-2 Study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 129, 467–476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Nierop, M, Viechtbauer, W, Gunther, N, van Zelst, C, de Graaf, R, Ten Have, M, van Dorsselaer, S, Bak, M, GROUP investigators and van Winkel, R (2015) Childhood trauma is associated with a specific admixture of affective, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms cutting across traditional diagnostic boundaries. Psychological Medicine 45, 1277–1288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Os, J (2013) The dynamics of subthreshold psychopathology: implications for diagnosis and treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry 170, 695–698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Os, J (2016) Measures of psychosis proneness and genetic risk for schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 73, 638.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Os, J and Reininghaus, U (2016) Psychosis as a transdiagnostic and extended phenotype in the general population. World Psychiatry 15, 118–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Os, J and Sham, P (2003) Gene-environment interactions. In Murray, RM, Jones, PB, Susser, E, Van Os, J and Cannon, M (eds), The Epidemiology of Schizophrenia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 235–254.Google Scholar
van Os, J, Kenis, G and Rutten, BP (2010) The environment and schizophrenia. Nature 468, 203–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Os, J, van der Steen, Y, Islam, MA, Guloksuz, S, Rutten, BP, Simons, CJ and GROUP Investigators (2017) Evidence that polygenic risk for psychotic disorder is expressed in the domain of neurodevelopment, emotion regulation and attribution of salience. Psychological Medicine 47, 2421–2437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Rossum, I, Dominguez, MD, Lieb, R, Wittchen, HU and van Os, J (2011) Affective dysregulation and reality distortion: a 10-year prospective study of their association and clinical relevance. Schizophrenia Bulletin 37, 561–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Winkel, R, van Beveren, NJ and Simons, C (2011) AKT1 moderation of cannabis-induced cognitive alterations in psychotic disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 36, 2529–2537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varese, F, Smeets, F, Drukker, M, Lieverse, R, Lataster, T, Viechtbauer, W, Read, J, van Os, J and Bentall, RP (2012) Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 661–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vassos, E, Pedersen, CB, Murray, RM, Collier, DA and Lewis, CM (2012) Meta-analysis of the association of urbanicity with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 1118–1123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veling, W, Counotte, J, Pot-Kolder, R, van Os, J and van der Gaag, M (2016) Childhood trauma, psychosis liability and social stress reactivity: a virtual reality study. Psychological Medicine 46, 3339–3348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wigman, JT, van Nierop, M, Vollebergh, WA, Lieb, R, Beesdo-Baum, K, Wittchen, HU and van Os, J (2012) Evidence that psychotic symptoms are prevalent in disorders of anxiety and depression, impacting on illness onset, risk, and severity – implications for diagnosis and ultra-high risk research. Schizophrenia Bulletin 38, 247–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winton-Brown, TT, Fusar-Poli, P, Ungless, MA and Howes, OD (2014) Dopaminergic basis of salience dysregulation in psychosis. Trends in Neuroscience 37, 85–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Full text views reflects PDF downloads, PDFs sent to Google Drive, Dropbox and Kindle and HTML full text views.

Total number of HTML views: 39
Total number of PDF views: 263 *
View data table for this chart

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between 04th October 2018 - 18th January 2021. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

12 Cited by
Hostname: page-component-77fc7d77f9-2nq4t Total loading time: 0.322 Render date: 2021-01-18T08:53:57.760Z Query parameters: { "hasAccess": "0", "openAccess": "0", "isLogged": "0", "lang": "en" } Feature Flags last update: Mon Jan 18 2021 08:03:19 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time) Feature Flags: { "metrics": true, "metricsAbstractViews": false, "peerReview": true, "crossMark": true, "comments": true, "relatedCommentaries": true, "subject": true, "clr": true, "languageSwitch": true, "figures": false, "newCiteModal": false, "shouldUseShareProductTool": true, "shouldUseHypothesis": true, "isUnsiloEnabled": true }

Send article to Kindle

To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle.

Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Interaction between environmental and familial affective risk impacts psychosis admixture in states of affective dysregulation
Available formats
×

Send article to Dropbox

To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox.

Interaction between environmental and familial affective risk impacts psychosis admixture in states of affective dysregulation
Available formats
×

Send article to Google Drive

To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive.

Interaction between environmental and familial affective risk impacts psychosis admixture in states of affective dysregulation
Available formats
×
×

Reply to: Submit a response

Your details

Conflicting interests

Do you have any conflicting interests? *