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Effects of oxygen and nitrate on ammonium uptake kinetics and adenylate pools in Phalaris arundinacea L. and Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

H. Brix ,
B. Lorenzen ,
J. T. Morris ,
H.-H. Schierup  and
B. K. Sorrell
H. Brix
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Ecology, University of Aarhus, Nordlandsvej 68, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark
B. Lorenzen
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Ecology, University of Aarhus, Nordlandsvej 68, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark
J. T. Morris
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
H.-H. Schierup
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Ecology, University of Aarhus, Nordlandsvej 68, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark
B. K. Sorrell
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Ecology, University of Aarhus, Nordlandsvej 68, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark
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Synopsis

We studied the effects of oxygen (aerated versus O2 depleted ∼0.5 mg 1−1 O2) and nitrate (none versus 10 μmol 1−1) on the ammonium uptake kinetics and adenylate pools in two wetland plants differing in their degree of flood tolerance (Phalaris arundinacea L. and Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb.). The study was performed as a random block design in a growth chamber. The -uptake kinetics were estimated by using a computerised nonlinear parameter estimation procedure to fit the differential form of a modified Michaelis–Menten model to solution depletion curves. The uptake kinetics for differed between the two species: Vmax was significantly higher for P. arundinacea (24.7 to 29.6 μmol h−1 g−1 root dry weight) than for G. maxima (4.6–10.3 μmol h−1 g−1 root dry weight). The concentration at which uptake ceases (Cmin) was 0.2 to 0.5 μmol 1−1 for P. arundinacea and significant higher (1.1–2.7 μmol 1−1) for G. maxima.Km varied between 3.1 and 6.2 μmol 1−1 for P. arundinacea, and 1.6 and 3.0 μmol 1−1 for G. maxima. The different uptake kinetics of the two species reflect the different structure of their root systems: P. arundinacea has an extensive root system consisting of many thin roots whereas G. maxima has fewer but thicker roots. The uptake kinetics also suggest that P. arundinacea is adapted to growing at lower ambient concentrations than G. maxima. Oxygen had no consistent effect on uptake kinetics. However, the plants that had in the nutrient solution as well as had slightly higher Vmax values and lower Cmin and Km values than those without . Thus, both species were able to sustain their uptake characteristics at low external O2 concentrations, probably because of internal aeration through the air-space tissue of the plants. Nitrate deprivation also lowered the energy charge ratio and adenine nucleotide content in roots. The roots recovered quickly from deprivation once was resupplied. The stresses imposed by partially O2-depleted conditions and lack of nitrate were therefore relatively mild and reversible. It seems that the inherent aerenchyma development under aerated conditions in these species is sufficient to maintain adequate root oxygenation under partially O2-depleted conditions.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences , Volume 102: Oxygen and Environmental Stress in Plants , 1994 , pp. 333 - 342
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1994

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