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The Link between Hot and Cool Outflows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 November 2022

Jorick S. Vink Open the ORCID record for Jorick S. Vink [Opens in a new window] ,
A.A.C. Sander ,
E.R. Higgins  and
G.N. Sabhahit
Jorick S. Vink
Affiliation:
Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, College Hill, BT61 9DG, Armagh, Northern Ireland email: jorick.vink@armagh.ac.uk
A.A.C. Sander
Affiliation:
Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, College Hill, BT61 9DG, Armagh, Northern Ireland email: jorick.vink@armagh.ac.uk
E.R. Higgins
Affiliation:
Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, College Hill, BT61 9DG, Armagh, Northern Ireland email: jorick.vink@armagh.ac.uk
G.N. Sabhahit
Affiliation:
Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, College Hill, BT61 9DG, Armagh, Northern Ireland email: jorick.vink@armagh.ac.uk
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Abstract

The link between hot and cool stellar outflows is shown to be critical for correctly predicting the masses of the most massive black holes (BHs) below the so-called pair-instability supernova (PISN) mass gap. Gravitational Wave (GW) event 190521 allegedly hosted an “impossibly” heavy BH of 85 M ⊙. Here we show how our increased knowledge of both metallicity Z and temperature dependent mass loss is critical for our evolutionary scenario of a low-Z blue supergiant (BSG) progenitor of an initially approx 100 M ⊙ star to work. We show using MESA stellar evolution modelling experiments that as long as we can keep such stars above 8000 K such low-Z BSGs can avoid strong winds, and keep a very large envelope mass intact before core collapse. This naturally leads to the Cosmic Time dependent maximum BH function below the PISN gap.

Keywords

Windsmass lossblack holesmassive starsstellar evolution
Type
Contributed Paper
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 16 , Symposium S366: The Origin of Outflows in Evolved Stars , November 2020 , pp. 96 - 100
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Astronomical Union

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