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Extreme variations in star formation activity in the first galaxies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2020

Christian Binggeli Open the ORCID record for Christian Binggeli [Opens in a new window] ,
Erik Zackrisson ,
Xiangcheng Ma ,
Akio K. Inoue Open the ORCID record for Akio K. Inoue [Opens in a new window] ,
Anton Vikaeus ,
Takuya Hashimoto ,
Ken Mawatari ,
Ikkoh Shimizu  and
Philip F. Hopkins
Christian Binggeli
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden email: christian.binggeli@physics.uu.se
Erik Zackrisson
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden email: christian.binggeli@physics.uu.se
Xiangcheng Ma
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, 501 Campbell Hall 3411, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-3411, USA
Akio K. Inoue
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Design Technology, Osaka Sangyo University, 3-1-1, Nagaito, Daito, Osaka574-8530, Japan
Anton Vikaeus
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden email: christian.binggeli@physics.uu.se
Takuya Hashimoto
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Design Technology, Osaka Sangyo University, 3-1-1, Nagaito, Daito, Osaka574-8530, Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo181-8588, Japan
Ken Mawatari
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Design Technology, Osaka Sangyo University, 3-1-1, Nagaito, Daito, Osaka574-8530, Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba277-8582, Japan
Ikkoh Shimizu
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Design Technology, Osaka Sangyo University, 3-1-1, Nagaito, Daito, Osaka574-8530, Japan Theoretical Astrophysics, Department of Earth & Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka560-0043, Japan
Philip F. Hopkins
Affiliation:
TAPIR, MC 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125, USA
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Abstract

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Recently, spectroscopic detections of O[III] 88 μm and Ly-α emission lines from the z ≍ 9.1 galaxy MACS1149-JD1 have been presented, and with these, some interesting properties of this galaxy were uncovered. One such property is that MACS1149-JD1 exhibits a significant Balmer break at around rest-frame 4000 Å, which may indicate that the galaxy has experienced large variations in star formation rate prior to z ∼ 9, with a rather long period of low star formation activity. While some simulations predict large variations in star formation activity in high-redshift galaxies, it is unclear whether the simulations can reproduce the kind of variations seen in MACS1149-JD1. Here, we utilize synthetic spectra of simulated galaxies from two simulation suites in order to study to what extent these can accurately reproduce the spectral features (specifically the Balmer break) observed in MACS1149-JD1. We show that while the simulations used in this study produce galaxies with varying star formation histories, galaxies such as MACS1149-JD1 would be very rare in the simulations. In principle, future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope may tell us if MACS1149-JD1 represents something rare, or if such galaxies are more common than predicted by current simulations.

Keywords

galaxies: high-redshiftearly universe
Type
Contributed Papers
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 15 , Symposium S341: Challenges in Panchromatic Modelling with Next Generation Facilities , November 2019 , pp. 226 - 230
Copyright
© International Astronomical Union 2020

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