Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T22:37:13.170Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Toxocariasis/cysticercosis seroprevalence in a long-term rural settlement, São Paulo, Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

L. E. PRESTES-CARNEIRO ,
D. H. P. SOUZA ,
G. C. MORENO ,
C. TROIANI ,
V. SANTARÉM ,
S. C. S. ZAGO ,
N. A. MIGUEL ,
S. B. Z. FREITAS ,
R. FARIA  and
L. MARTINI
...Show all authors
L. E. PRESTES-CARNEIRO*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
D. H. P. SOUZA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
G. C. MORENO
Affiliation:
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
C. TROIANI*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
V. SANTARÉM
Affiliation:
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
S. C. S. ZAGO
Affiliation:
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
N. A. MIGUEL
Affiliation:
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
S. B. Z. FREITAS
Affiliation:
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
R. FARIA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
L. MARTINI
Affiliation:
Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
G. RUBINSKY-ELEFANT
Affiliation:
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Prédio II, Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 40 andar, Cerqueira César, 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
A. IHA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 580, 05508-9000, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
A. J. VAZ
Affiliation:
Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 580, 05508-9000, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author: Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. Tel/Fax: +55 18 229 1013. E-mail: luiz@unoeste.br
*Corresponding author: Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rua José Bongiovani 700, Cidade Universitária, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. Tel/Fax: +55 18 229 1013. E-mail: luiz@unoeste.br
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Seroprevalence of Toxocara and Taenia solium and risk factors for infection with these parasites were explored in a long-term rural settlement in São Paulo state, Brazil. An ELISA for the detection of anti-Toxocara IgG and IgE and anti-T. solium cysticerci was standardized using Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens (TES) obtained from the cultured second-stage larvae of T. canis and by vesicular fluid antigen from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci (VF). For cysticercosis, the reactive ELISA samples were assayed by Western blot using 18 kDa and 14 kDa proteins purified from VF. Out of 182 subjects, 25 (13·7%) presented anti-Toxocara IgG and a positive correlation between total IgE and the reactive index of specific anti-TES IgE (P=0·0265) was found amongst the subjects found seropositive for anti-Toxocara IgG. In these individuals 38·0% showed ocular manifestations. The frequency of anti-T. solium cysticerci confirmed by Western blot was 0·6%. Seropositivity for Toxocara was correlated with low educational levels and the owning of dogs. Embryonated eggs of Toxocara spp. were found in 43·3% of the analysed areas.

Keywords

ToxocaracysticercosisseroprevalenceELISABrazil
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 136 , Issue 6 , May 2009 , pp. 681 - 689
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agapejev, S. (2003). Clinical and epidemiological aspects of neurocysticercosis in Brazil: a critical approach. Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria 61, 822–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alderete, J. M., Jacob, C. M., Pastorino, A. C., Elefant, G. R., Castro, A. P., Fomin, A. B. and Chieffi, P. P. (2003). Prevalence of Toxocara infection in schoolchildren from the Butantã region, São Paulo, Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 98, 593–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altcheh, J., Nallar, M., Conca, M., Biancardi, M. and Freilij, H. (2003). Toxocariasis: clinical and laboratory features in 54 patients. Anales de Pediatria (Barc) 58, 425–431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ayres, M., Ayres, M. Jr., Ayres, D. L. and Santos, A. S. (2007). BioEstat. Versão 5.0, Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, MCT – CNPq, Belém, Pará, Brasil.Google Scholar
Bragazza, L. M., Vaz, A. J., Passos, A. D., Takayanagui, O. M., Nakamura, P. M., Espindola, N. M., Pardini, A. and Bueno, E. C. (2002). Frequency of serum anti-cysticercus antibodies in the population of a rural Brazilian community (Cássia dos coqueiros, SP) determined by Elisa and western blot using Taenia crassiceps antigens. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 44, 7–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bueno, E. C., Vaz, A. J., Machado, L. D., Livramento, J. A. and Mielle, S. R. (2000). Specific Taenia crassiceps and Taenia solium antigenic peptides for neurocysticercosis immunodiagnosis using serum samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, 146–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Savigny, D. H. (1975). In vitro maintenance of Toxocara canis larvae and a simple method for the production of Toxocara ES antigens for use in serodiagnostic tests for visceral larva mingrans. Journal of Parasitology 61, 781–782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Savigny, D. H., Voller, A. and Woodruff, A. W. (1979). Toxocariasis: serological diagnosis by enzyme immunoassay. Journal of Clinical Pathology 32, 284–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elefant, G. R., Shimizu, S. H., Sanchez, M. C., Jacob, C. M., Ferreira, A. W. (2006). A serological follow-up of toxocariasis patients after chemotherapy based on the detection of IgG, IgA, and IgE antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 20, 164–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Espíndola, N. M., Iha, A. H., Fernandes, I., Takayanagui, O. M., Machado, L. R., Livramento, J. A., Mendes Maia, A. A., Peralta, J. M. and Vaz, A. J. (2005). Cysticercosis immunodiagnosis using 18- and 14-kilodalton proteins from Taenia crassiceps cysticercus antigens obtained by immunoaffinity chromatography. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, 3178–3184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farmer, J., Lauder, W., Richards, H. and Sharkey, S. (2003). Dr John has gone: assessing health professionals' contribution to remote rural community sustainability in the UK. Social Science Medicine 57, 673–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrer, E., Cortez, M. M., Perez, H., De la Rosa, M., de Noya, B. A., D'Avila, I., Harrison, L. J., Foster-Cuevas, M., Parkhouse, R. M. and Cabrera, A. (2002). Serological evidence for recent exposure to Taenia solium in Venezuelan Amerindians. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66, 170–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Figueiredo, S. D., Taddei, J. A., Menezes, J. J., Novo, N. F., Silva, E. O., Cristóvão, H. L. and Cury, M. C. (2005). Clinical-epidemiological study of toxocariasis in a pediatric population. Journal of Pediatry 81, 126–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffmeister, B., Glaeser, S., Flick, H., Pornschlegel, S., Suttorp, N. and Bergmann, F. (2007). Cerebral toxocariasis after consumption of raw duck liver. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76, 600–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishida, M. M., Rubinsky-Elefant, G., Ferreira, A. W., Hoshino-Shimizu, S. and Vaz, A. J. (2003). Helminth antigens (Taenia solium, Taenia crassiceps, Toxocara canis, Schistosoma mansoni and Echinococcus granulosus) and cross-reactivities in human infections and immunized animals. Acta Tropica 89, 73–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanafani, Z. A., Skoury, A., Araj, G. F., El-Khoury, M., Sawaya, R. A., Atweh, S. F. and Kanj, S. S. (2006). Seroprevalence of toxocariasis in Lebanon: a pilot study. Parasitology 132, 635–639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanamura, H. Y., Hoshino-Shimizu, S. and Silva, L. C. (1981). Solubilization of antigen S. mansoni adult worms for the passive hemagglutination test. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 23, 92–95.Google ScholarPubMed
Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, London 227, 680–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Logar, J., Soba, B., Kraut, A. and Stirn-Kranjc, B. (2004). Seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies among patients suspected of ocular toxocariasis in Slovenia. Korean Journal of Parasitology 42, 137–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lopes, M. L., Martin, G., Chamorro, M. C. and Alonso, M. J. (2005). Toxocariasis in children from a subtropical region. Medicina 65, 226–230.Google Scholar
Lowry, O. H., Roseborough, N. J., Farr, A. L. and Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193, 265–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicoletti, A., Bartoloni, A., Reggio, A., Bartalesi, F., Roselli, M., Sofia, V., Rosado Chavez, J., Gamboa Barahona, H., Paradisi, F., Cancrini, G., Tsang, V. C. and Hall, A. J. (2002). Epilepsy, cysticercosis, and toxocariasis: a population-based case-control study in rural Bolivia. Neurology 58, 1256–1261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nunes, C. M., Sinhorini, I. L. and Ogassawara, S. (1994). Influence of soil texture in the recovery of Toxocara canis eggs by a flotation method. Veterinary Parasitology 53, 269–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paludo, M. L., Falavigna, D. L., Elefant, G. R., Gomes, M. L., Baggio, M. L., Amadei, L. B. and Falavigna-Guilherme, A. L. (2007). Frequency of Toxocara infection in children attended by the health public service of Maringá, south Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 49, 343–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prestes-Carneiro, L. E., Freitas, S. B., Zago, S. C., Miguel, N. A., Primo, O. B., Iha, A. H., Espíndola, N. M. and Vaz, A. J. (2006). Taeniosis-cysticercosis complex in individuals of a peasants' settlement (Teodoro Sampaio, Pontal of Paranapanema, SP, Brazil). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 101, 15–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prestes-Carneiro, L. E., Santarém, V., Zago, S. C. S., Miguel, N. A., Farias, S. F., Villas, R., Vaz, A. J. and Rubinsky-Elefant, G. (2008). Sero-epidemiology of toxocariasis in a rural settlement in São Paulo state, Brazil. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 102, 347–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabrosa, N. A. and Souza, E. C. (2001). Nematode infections of the eye: toxocariasis and diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. Current Opinion Ophthalmology 12, 450–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sabrosa, N. A. and Zajdenweber, M. (2002). Nematode infections of the eye: toxocariasis, onchocerciasis, diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis, and cysticercosis. Ophthalmology Clinical North America 15, 351–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santarém, V. A., Franco Eda, C., Kozuki, F. T., Fini, D. and Prestes-Carneiro, L. E. (2008). Environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs in a rural settlement in Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, 279–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sato, M.O, Cavalcante, T. V., Sako, Y., Nakao, M., Yamasaki, H., Yatsuda, A. P., Nakaya, K. and Ito, A. (2006). Short report: Evidence and potential for transmission of human and swine Taenia solium cysticercosis in the Piracuruca region, Piauí, Brazil. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 75, 933–935.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sotelo, J. (2003). Neurocysticercosis: eradication of cysticercosis is an attainable goal. British Medical Journal 326, 511–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaz, A. J., Nunes, C. M., Piazza, R. M. F., Livramento, J. A., Silva, M. V., Nakamura, P. M. and Ferreira, A. W. (1997). Immunoblot with cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurocysticercosis using antigen from cysticerci of Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 57, 354–357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vicente, J. P., Rubinsky-Elefant, G., Leone, C., Okay, T. S. and Mingroni-Neto, R. C. (2005). Freqüência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara em comunidades de remanescentes em quilombos, no Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brasil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 38, 236.Google Scholar
Williams, W. J., Beutler, E., Erslev, A. J. and Lichtman, A. M. (1991). Hematology. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar