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Influence of host and parasite genotypes on immunological control of Theileria parasites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

W. I. Morrison
W. I. Morrison
Affiliation:
Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Nr. Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK
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Summary

Infections with Theileria parva in the African buffalo are invariably asymptomatic, whereas infections in cattle usually result in clinical disease, the severity of which varies in different populations of cattle. The parasite exhibits antigenic heterogeneity, which in cattle manifests as differences between parasite strains in their cross-protective properties. A series of studies on T cell responses to T. parva in cattle have demonstrated that class I MHC-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), specific for parasitized lymphoblasts, are important mediators of immunity. Cytotoxic T cell responses frequently display parasite strain-restricted specificities which appear to correlate with the capacity of strains to cross-protect. The strain specificity of CTL responses varies in animals immunized with the same parasite strain and is influenced by both host and parasite genotype. Recent studies have provided evidence that there is competition between epitopes for induction of CTL responses, which can result in a bias to strain-specific epitopes. These properties of the CTL response have important implications for vaccination. Thus, in designing a vaccine, it may be possible, by selecting parasite proteins containing appropriate CTL epitopes, to generate CTL responses that protect against a wide range of parasite strains. Although there are no comparable data on CTL responses in the buffalo, it is considered that the features of the immune response described for cattle would be advantageous for survival of parasite populations in the buffalo. Specifically, a bias in the immune responses to strain-specific determinants should favour establishment of infection in buffalo already carrying the parasite and allow fluctuation in the levels of different parasite strains during the course of persistent infection.

Keywords

ProtozoaTheileria parvaparasite straincattlebuffaloimmunity cytotoxic T cellmajor histocompatibility compleximmunodominancehost genotype
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 112 , Supplement S1: Symposia of the British Society for Parasitology Volume 33:Genetics of host and parasite: implications for immunity, epidemiology and evolution , March 1996 , pp. S53 - S66
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

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