Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T13:02:45.365Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The epidemiology of diplostomiasis in farmed rainbow trout from north-east Scotland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

J. N. Stables  and
L. H. Chappell
J. N. Stables
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen
L. H. Chappell
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

An epidemiological survey of the distribution and abundance of Diplostomum spathaceum in farmed rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from Mill of Cantray trout farm (Nairn, Morayshire) involved monthly sampling of fish over a 3-year period. Diplostomurn metacercariae were present in both the lens and aqueous humour of infected fish, and these have been treated separately throughout the study. The infection period was normally between May and September each year and transmission of the parasite from snail to fish did not occur at temperatures below 10°C. The prevalence and abundance of both lens and humour metacercariae reached a maximum in September. The cleansing and application of a molluscicide (copper sulphate) to the raceways in spring resulted in a 56% reduction in the numbers of metacercariae infecting trout during the following summer. However, no further improvement in parasite control was recorded when the treatment was repeated in the following year. Experiments using caged fish indicated that diplostomiasis was confined to certain areas of the farm only and that the infection rate of rainbow trout with D. Spathaceum cercariae was correlated (P < 0·01) with water temperature. The results of the study indicated that it is possible by regular cleaning and use of molluscicides to keep the intensity of diplostomiasis at such a level that rainbow trout do not become severely affected. However, as with other parasitic diseases, a combination of control methods will probably be required to eradicate the disease completely from trout farms.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 92 , Issue 3 , June 1986 , pp. 699 - 710
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bauer, O. N. (1961). Parasitic diseases of cultured fishes and methods of prevention and treatment. In Parasitologg of Fishes (ed. Dogiel, V. A., Petruschevski, G. K. and Polanski, I.), pp. 265–98. (English translation). London: Oliver and Boyd.Google ScholarPubMed
Berrie, A. D. (1960). Two Diplostomulum larvae (Strigeida, Trematoda) in the eyes of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeaius L). Journal of Helminthology 34, 211–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betterton, C. (1974). Studies on the host specificity of the eyefluke Diplostomum spathaceum in brown and rainbow trout. Parasitology 69, 11–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brassard, P., Rau, M. E. & Curtis, M. A. (1982 a). Infection dynamics of Diplostomum spathaceum and parasite-induced mortality of fish hosts. Parasitology 85, 489–93.Google Scholar
Brassard, P., Rau, M. E. & Curtis, M. A. (1982 b). Parasite-induced susceptibility to predation in diplostomiasis. Parasitology 85, 495–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brassard, P., Rau, M. E. & Curtis, M. A. (1982 c). Seasonality of Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda: Strigeidae) transmission to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Northern Quebec, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60, 2258–63.Google Scholar
Burrough, R. J. (1978). The population biology of two species of eyefluke Diplostomum spathaceum and Tylodeiphys clavata in roach and rudd. Journal of Fish Biology 13, 19–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, L. H. (1969). Parasites of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from a Yorkshire pond. 1. Seasonal variation of parasite fauna. Journal of Fish Biology 1, 137–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crofton, H. D. (1971). A quantitative approach to parasitism. Parasitology 62, 179–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowden, A. E. & Broom, D. M. (1980). Effects of eyefiuke, Diplostomum spathaceum, on the behaviour of dace (Leuciscus leuciscus). Animal Behaviour 28, 287–94.Google Scholar
Dubois, G. (1970). Synopsis des Strigeidae et des Diplostomatidae (Trematoda). Mémoires de la Société neuchâteloise des sciences naturelles 10, 259–727.Google Scholar
Ferguson, M. S. & Hayford, R. A. (1941). The life history and control of eyefluke. The Progressive Fish Culturist 54, 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, D. B. (1983). Schistosomiasis Research: The Strategic Plan, pp. 42–56. New York: Edna McConnell Clark Foundation.Google Scholar
Hunter, W. R. (1961). Life cycles of four freshwater snails in limited populations in Loch Lomond, with a discussion of intraspecific variation. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 137, 135–71.Google Scholar
Kennedy, C. R. (1977). Regulation of fish parasite populations. In Regulation of Parasitic Populations (ed. Esch, G. W.), pp. 63–109. London, New York, San Francisco: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kennedy, C. R. (1981). Longterm studies on the population biology of two species of eyefluke, Diplostomum gasterostei and Tylodelphys clavata (Digena: Diplostomatidae) concurrently infecting the eyes of perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Fish Biology 19, 221–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, C. R. & Burrough, R. J. (1977). The population biology of two species of eyefluke, Diplostomum gasterostei and Tylodelphys clavata, in perch. Journal of Fish Biology 11, 619–33.Google Scholar
Kennedy, C. R. & Rumpus, A. (1977). Longterm changes in the size of Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala) populations in the river Avon. Journal of Fish Biology 10, 35–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennycuick, L. (1971). Frequency distribution of parasites in a population of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosterus aculeatus L.) with particular reference to the negative binomial distribution. Parasitology 63, 389–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shigin, A. A. (1976). Metacercariae of the genus Diplostomum fauna of the USSR. Parazitologiya 10, 346–51.Google ScholarPubMed
Skrjabin, K. I. (1964). Trematodes of Animals and Man. Essentials of Trematology, Vol. 17 (English translation). Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Stables, J. N. (1984). Studies on the speciation epidemiology and immunology of Diplostomum spathaceum in fish. Ph.D. thesis, University of Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Sweeting, R. A. (1974). Investigations into natural and experimental infections of freshwater fish by the common eyefiuke Diplostonium spathaceum. (Rud). Parasitology 69, 291–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ulmer, M. J. (1970). Notes on rearing snails in the laboratory. In Experiments and Techniques in Parasitology (ed. MacInnis, A. J. and Voge, M.). San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Wootton, R. (1974). Observations on strigeid metacercariae in the eyes of fish from Hanningfield reservoir, Essex, England. Journal of Helminthology 48, 73–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R. A., Smith, G. & Thomas, M. R. (1982). Fascioliasis. In Population Dynamics of Infectious Diseases (Theory and Applications) (ed. Anderson, R. M.), pp. 262–319. London: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar