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Akersten, W. A., Shaw, C. A., and Jefferson, G. T. 1978. Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering. Paleobiology 4:150–162.

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Blumenschine, R. J. 1988. An experimental model of the timing of hominid and carnivore influence on archaeological bone assemblages. Journal of Archaeological Science 15:483–502.

Blumenschine, R. J., and Madrigal, T. C. 1993. Variability in long bone marrow yields of East African ungulates and its zooarchaeological implications. Journal of Archaeological Science 20:555–587.

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Gilbert, J. Z. 1927. The bone drift in the tar-beds of Rancho La Brea. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 26:54–66.

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Haynes, G. 1980. Evidence of carnivore gnawing on Pleistocene and Recent mammalian bones. Paleobiology 6:341–351.

Haynes, G. 1982. Utilization and skeletal disturbances of North American prey carcasses. Arctic 35:266–281.

Haynes, G. 1983. A guide for differentiating mammalian carnivore taxa responsible for gnaw damage to herbivore limb bones. Paleobiology 9:164–172.

Lam, Y. M., Chen, X., Marean, C. W., and Frey, C. J. 1998. Bone density and long bone representation in archaeological faunas: comparing results from CT and photon densitometry. Journal of Archaeological Science 25:559–570.

Lam, Y. M., Chen, X., and Pearson, O. M. 1999. Intertaxonomic variability in patterns of bone density and the differential representation of bovid, cervid, and equid elements in the archaeological record. American Antiquity 64:343–362.

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Marcus, L. F. 1960. A census of the abundant large Pleistocene mammals from Rancho La Brea. Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History 38:1–11.

Marcus, L. F., and Berger, R. 1984. The significance of radiocarbon dates for Rancho La Brea. Pp. 159–183in Martin, P. S. and Klein, R. G., eds. Quaternary extinctions. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Marean, C. W., and Ehrhardt, C. L. 1995. Paleoanthropological and paleoecological implications of the taphonomy of a sabertooth's den. Journal of Human Evolution 29:515–547.

Marean, C. W., and Spencer, L. M. 1991. Impact of carnivore ravaging on zooarchaeological measures of element abundance. American Antiquity 56:645–658.

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Quinn, J. P. 1992. Rancho La Brea: geologic setting, late Quaternary depositional patterns and mode of fossil accumulation. Pp. 221–232in Heath, E. G. and Lewis, W. L., eds. The regressive pleistocene shoreline, southern California. Guidebook No. 20. South Coast Geological Society, Santa Ana, Calif.

Scott, E. 1989. Skeletal remains of Equus from the Page Museum Salvage, Rancho La Brea: a preliminary report. Current Research in the Pleistocene 6:78–81.

Shaw, C. A. 1982. Techniques used in excavation, preparation, and curation of fossils from Rancho La Brea. Curator 25:63–67.

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Shipman, P., and Rose, J. 1988. Bone tools: an experimental approach. In Olsen, S. L., ed. Scanning electron microscopy in archaeology. British Archaeological Reports International Series 452:303–335.

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