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Dietary fatty acids and CHD: from specific recommendations to dietary patterns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2021

Jacques Delarue Open the ORCID record for Jacques Delarue [Opens in a new window]
Jacques Delarue*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Laboratory of Human Nutrition, ER 7479 SPURBO (Soins primaires, Santé publique, Registre des cancers de Bretagne Occidentale), University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, France
*
Corresponding author: Professor Jacques Delarue, fax +33 2 98 34 78 82, email jaques.delarue@univ-brest.fr
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Abstract

Several countries have issued dietary recommendations about total and specific fatty acid (FA) intake for the prevention of CHD. For many years until today, controversies have existed especially about the deleterious effect or not of SFA, and the protective effect or not of n-3 PUFA, so that some authors have criticised these recommendations. There are many reasons for these controversies, including the different conclusions of prospective cohort studies compared with randomised clinical trials (RCT), and the contradictory conclusions of meta-analyses depending on the quality, number and type of studies included. The interrelationships between different FA in the diet make it difficult to analyse the specific effect of a particular class of FA on CHD. Furthermore, based on clinical practice and effectiveness of population-based prevention, it is very difficult at the individual level to assess in personal dietary intake the actual percentage and/or amount of SFA contained in each meal or consumed daily/weekly. In this critical narrative review, we try to answer the question of whether it would not be more relevant, in 2020, to promote dietary patterns, rather than FA intake recommendations. We critically analyse past and recent data on the association of FA with CHD, then propose that the Mediterranean diet and Japanese diet should be revitalised for Westerners and Asian populations, respectively. This does not exclude the usefulness of continuing research about effects of FA towards CHD, and accepting that what seems true today might be revised, at least partially tomorrow.

Keywords

SFAUnsaturated fatty acidsn-3 Fatty acidsCardiovascular riskMediterranean dietJapanese diet
Type
Review Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , Volume 34 , Issue 2 , December 2021 , pp. 240 - 258
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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Footnotes

‡

This article was originally published with an omission in the author’s affiliation. The affiliation has been corrected and the online PDF and HTML versions updated.

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