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Netherlands state practice for the parliamentary year 1986–1987

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2009

R.C.R. Siekmann
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Netherlands Yearbook of International Law , Volume 19 , December 1988 , pp. 279 - 392
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Copyright © T.M.C. Asser Press 1988

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References

1. Statement of 10 June 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 757 p. 1501.

2. Cf., earlier, 16 NYIL (1985) p. 332.

3. Art. 23: ‘1. A State may give its consent in writing, in a multilateral or bilateral treaty or in an agreement or contract concluded by it or by one of its agencies with a foreign person, natural or juridical, not to invoke State immunity in respect of State property, or property in its possession or control or in which it has an interest, from attachment, arrest and execution, provided that the property in question, movable or immovable, intellectual or industrial:

(a) forms part of a commercial transaction or is used in connection with commercial activities, or is otherwise in use for non-public purposes unconnected with the exercise of governmental authority of the State; and (b) is identified as being situated in the territory of the State of the forum. 2. The effect of paragraph 1 is further limited by the provisions of Art. 24’.

Art. 24: ‘1. Notwithstanding Art. 23 and regardless of consent or waiver of immunity, the following property may not be attached, arrested or otherwise taken in forced execution of the final judgment by a court of another State: (a) property used or intended for use for diplomatic or consular purposes or for the purposes of special missions or representation of States in their relations with international organizations of universal character internationally protected by inviolability; or (b) property of a military character, or used or intended for use for military purposes, or owned or managed by the military authority or defence agency of the State; or (c) property of a central bank held by it for central banking purposes and not allocated for any specified payments; or (d) property of a State monetary authority held by it for monetary and noncommercial purposes and not specifically earmarked for payments of judgment or any other debts; or (e) property forming part of the national archives of a State or of its distinct national cultural heritage. 2. Nothing in paragraph 1 shall prevent a State from undertaking to give effect to the judgment of a court of another State, or from consenting to the attachment, arrest or execution of property other than the types listed in paragraph 1’.

Art. 28: ‘A State may restrict or extend with respect to another State the immunities and privileges provided for in the present Articles to the extent that appears to it to be appropriate for reasons of reciprocity, or conformity with the standard practice of that other State, or the necessity for subsequent readjustments required by treaty, convention or other international agreement applicable between them.’

4. UN Doc. A/41/406 Annex pp. 4–6.

5. See supra.

6. Art. 6: A State enjoys immunity, in respect of itself and its property, from the jurisdiction of the courts of another State subject to the provisions of the present Articles [and the relevant rules of general international law]’.

7. Art. 28, para. 2(a): ‘However, discrimination shall not be regarded as taking place: (a) where the State of the forum applies any of the provisions of the present Art.s restrictively because of a restrictive application of that provision by the other State concerned;’

8. Art. 21: ‘A State enjoys immunity, in connection with a proceeding before a court of another State, from measures of constraint, including any measure of attachment, arrest and execution, on the use of its property or property in its possession or control [or property in which it has a legally protected interest] unless the property: (a) is specifically in use or intended for use by the State for commercial [non-governmental] purposes and has a connection with the object of the claim, or with the agency or instrumentality against which the proceeding was directed; or (b) has been allocated or earmarked by the State for the satisfaction of the claim which is the object of that proceeding’.

9. Statement of 4 November 1986, UN Doc. A/C.6/41/SR.30 pp. 13–15.

10. Trb. 1986 No. 154.

11. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19793 (R 1320) No. 7 pp. 1–3.

12. Ibid. p. 6.

13. Ibid. Annex 2, pp. 11–12.

14. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19700 V No. 132 Annex pp. 7, 8–9.

15. Memorandum of 27 February 1987, Bijl.Hand. I 1986/87 – 19700 IV No. 128a p. 15.

16. Statement of 23 July 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 922 p. 1841.

17. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19971 No. 2.

18. See earlier, 18 NYIL (1987) p. 252.

19. Statement of 14 April 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 604 p. 1203.

20. Statement, of 26 May 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 723 p. 1435.

21. Doc. MJU-15 (86) 3.

22. Statement of 25 November 1986, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 185 p. 373.

23. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 20009 No. 2.

24. Act of 17 and 28 February 1986, Trb. 1986 No. 63.

25. Pb. EG 1986, C 36/121.

26. Memorandum of 3 September 1986, Bijl.Hand. II 1985/86 – 19626 No. 3 p.8.

27. Pb. EG.L. 305 of 31 October 1986.

28. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 17895 No. 54 p. 2.

29. Cf., earlier, 18 NYIL (1987) p. 257.

30. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 –; 19700 V No. 82.

31. Statement of 15 June 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 770 p. 1529.

32. UN Doc. A/42/414.

33. Statement of 1 June 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 729 pp. 1445, 1446.

34. Statement of 19 June 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 785 pp. 1559–1560.

35. Statement of 19 June 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 784 pp. 1557–1558.

36. Trb. 1986 No. 119.

37. Stb. 1899 No. 15.

38. Trb. 1971 No. 81; 1976 No. 87; and 1982 No. 103, respectively.

39. Memorandum of 12 February 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 - 19887 (R 1325) No. 1 p. 2.

40. Trb. 1985 No. 137.

41. Art. 3, para. 2: ‘Extradition may be refused in any of the following circumstances: (a) when the person whose surrender is sought is a national of the Requested State. Where the Requested State refuses to extradite a national of that State it shall, if the other Party so requests and the laws of the Requested State allow, submit the case to the competent authorities in order that the prosecution of the person in respect of all or any of the offences for which extradition has been sought may be brought in accordance with the law and practice of that State’.

42. Art. 6, para. 2, provides that, if the requested Party does not extradite its national, it shall at the request of the Requesting Party submit the case to its competent authorities in order that proceedings may be taken if they are considered appropriate.

43. Stb. 1986 No. 464.

44. Statement of 21 January 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19588 (R 1310) No. 5.

45. Statement of 26 November 1986, Hand. II 1986/87 pp. 1552–1554; see also infra pp. 462–474.

46. Cf., earlier, 18 NYIL (1987) p. 268.

47. Trb. 1979 No. 142.

48. Trb. 1965 No. 9.

49. Statement of 8 September 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 986 pp. 1969–1970.

50. Statement of 30 September 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19075 No. 6 p. 2.

51. Statement of 20 February 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 425 p. 847.

52. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19637 No. 33 p. 3.

53. Human Rights and Foreign Policy, Memorandum of 3 May 1979, Publication of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1979); also: Bijl.Hand. II 1978/79 – 15571 No. 2.

54. Vademecum Mensenrechten, Publication of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1987).

55. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19637 Nos. 1–2.

56. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19700 V No. 125 pp. 3–10.

57. Stc. No. 215 of 6 November 1986 p. 5.

58. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 17895 No. 46 pp. 4–5.

59. Trb. 1985 No. 69.

60. Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, 18 January 1978, Ireland v. UK, Publ. Court A, vol. 25; 25 April 1978, Tyrer case, Publ. Court A, vol. 26; and 25 February 1982, Campbell and Cosans case, Publ. Court A, vol. 48.

61. Supreme Court 30 January 1911, W 9149; 25 October 1915, W 9944; 6 December 1920, NJ 1921 No. 121; 28 February 1921, NJ No. 521, and see also: Noyon, Langemeijer and Remmelink, Het Wetboek van Strafrecht [The Criminal Code], Arts. 28–31, Note 9.

62. Stb. 1964 No. 243.

63. Trb. 1981 No. 69; 1981 No. 53; and 1980 No. 166, respectively.

64. Cf., the facts of the Filartiga v. Pena-Irala case, 75 AJIL (1981) p. 149 et seq., and the Manzikala case, 15 DD (1985) pp. 193, 194.

65. Memorandum of 23 July 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 20042 No. 3 pp. 1–6.

66. Stb. 1980 No. 86.

67. Hand. I 1979/80 p. 262.

68. Hand. I 1979/80 p. 263.

69. Statement of 18 March 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19908 No. 3 pp. 3–4.

70. Trb. 1951 No. 154.

71. van Dijk, P. and van Hoof, G.J.H., De Europese Conventie in theorie en praktijk [The European Convention in theory and practice] (1982) p. 235.Google Scholar

72. Tak, P.J. and van Kalmthout, A.M., Dienstverlening en sanctiestelsels [Community service and criminal punishment] (1985) p. 111.Google Scholar

73. Trb. 1963 No. 99.

74. Stb. 1933 No. 236.

75. Trb. 1957 No. 210.

76. Statement of 2 September 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 20074 No. 3 pp. 4–5.

77. Stb. 1931 No. 519.

78. Stb. 1971 No. 231.

79. Statement of 6 July 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 20033 No. 3 pp. 6–7.

80. Statement of 2 September 1985, Bijl.Hand. II 1984/85 – 19136 No. 3 pp. 53–54.

81. See earlier, 15 NYIL (1984) p. 299; 17 NYIL (1986) p. 180.

82. Statement of 25 November 1985, Aanh.Hand. 1985/86 No. 219 p. 433.

83. Cf., earlier, 15 NYIL (1984) p. 321.

84. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19700 V No. 112 Annex pp. 26–27.

85. Trb. 1986 No. 95.

86. Statement of 12 February 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19885 (R 1323) No. 1 pp. 2, 5.

87. See earlier, 18 NYIL (1986) p. 181.

88. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19700 V No. 127.

89. Statement of 29 June 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 808 p. 1605.

90. Trb. 1984 No. 118.

91. Art. 3, para. 3, provides that, with regard to the carrying out of the works, the Federal Republic of Germany applies its own laws.

92. Trb. 1960 No. 69.

93. Stb. 1978 No. 581.

94. Statement of 21 November 1986, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19343 No. 9 pp. 31–33.

95. Para. 1 of Security Council Resolution 598 (1987) of 20 July 1987 reads in full: ‘Demands that, as a first step to a negotiated settlement, Iran and Iraq observe an immediate cease-fire, discontinue all military actions on land, at sea and in the air, and withdraw all forces to the internationally recognized boundaries without delay.’

96. Note of 7 September 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 20075 No. 1 pp. 2–3.

97. Stb. 1922 No. 43. Art. 33, para. 1, of the National Service Act reads in full: ‘Conscripts may be designated for service outside Europe: (a) if they have given their consent; (b) in the event of war or threat of war; (c) in other exceptional circumstances, subject to authorization by the Crown; (d) in normal times, provided it is to be anticipated that their period of service will not be exceeded’.

98. Stc. No. 169 of 30 August 1984 p. 2.

99. See earlier, 17 NYIL (1986) p. 185; 18 NYIL (1987) p. 291.

100. McDade, P.V., ‘The Interim Obligation between Signature and Ratification of a Treaty (Issues Raised by the Recent Actions of Signatories to the Law of the Sea Convention with Respect to the Mining of the Deep Seabed)’, 32 NILR (1985) pp. 5–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

101. Statement of 2 December 1986, Hand. II 1986/87 pp. 1691–1693.

102. Meijers, H., ‘Rond het internationale gewoonterecht in Nederland’Google Scholar [About customary international law in the Netherlands], Proceedings of the Dutch Branch of the International Law Association No. 91, pp. 55–158 (Report presented at the 1985 Annual Meeting of the Association).

103. Statement of 10 December 1985, Hand. II 1986/87 pp. 1933–1935.

104. Cf., earlier, 16 NYIL (1985) p. 389.

105. Verslag over de hervatte veertigste zitting, de veertiende bijzondere zitting en de eenenveertigste zitting van de Algemene Vergadering der Verenigde Naties [Report on the resumed 40th session, the 14th special session and the 41st session of the UN General Assembly], Publication of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs No. 140 (1987) p. 370–372.

106. Stc. No. 248 of 23 December 1986 p. 1.

107. Cf., earlier, 16 NYIL (1985) p. 392.

108. UN Doc. A/41/406 Annex pp. 2–4.

109. Ibid. n. 105 supra, p. 324.

110. Human Rights and Foreign Policy, Publication of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1979); see also, Bijl.Hand. II 1978/79 – 15571 No. 2.

111. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19700 V No. 122 pp. 14–17.

112. Art. 96, para. 3, reads in full: ‘The authority representing a people engaged against a High Contracting Party in an armed conflict of the type referred to in Art. 1, paragraph 4, may undertake to apply the Conventions and this Protocol in relation to that conflict by means of a unilateral declaration addressed to the depositary. Such declaration shall, upon its receipt by the depositary, have in relation to that conflict the following effects: (a) the Conventions and this Protocol are brought into effect for the said authority as a Party to the conflict with immediate effect; (b) the said authority assumes the same rights and obligations as those which have been assumed by a High Contracting Party to the Conventions and this Protocol; and (c) the Convention and this Protocol are equally binding upon all Parties to the conflict’.

113. Bijl.Hand. I 1986/87 – 18277 (R 1247) No. 38b.

114. Trb. 1987 No. 45.

115. Memorandum of 21 April 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19957 No. 1 p. 2.

116. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19989 No. 2 pp. 11–13.

117. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19160 No. 5 pp. 2–4.

118. Statement of 5 January 1987, Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19700 XVI No. 124 p. 2.

119. See earlier, 15 NYIL (1984) p. 289; 16 NYIL (1985) p. 343; 18 NYIL (1987) p. 315.

120. Statement of 13 August 1987, Aanh.Hand. II 1986/87 No. 946 p. 1889.

121. Memorandum of 19 June 1975, Bijl.Hand. II 1974/75 – 13461 No. 1 p. 64.

122. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19700 V No. 129 Annex p. 2.

123. Memorandum of 19 June 1975, Bijl.Hand. II 1974/75 – 13461 No. 1 p. 64.

124. Bijl.Hand. II 1986/87 – 19817 No. 1.