Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T01:06:34.668Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Political Economy of Small European States: And Lessons for Scotland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2020

Michael Keating*
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen and Scottish Centre on Constitutional Change
Malcolm Harvey*
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen and Scottish Centre on Constitutional Change

Abstract

An independent Scotland would be a small European state. Small states may be at a disadvantage in world markets but can also adapt successfully. There are different modes of adaptation, notably the market-liberal mode and the social investment state. Either mode is dependent on internal institutions, social relationships and modes of policymaking. It is not possible to pick and choose items of different models since they have an internal coherence. The Scottish White Paper on independence supports the social investment state. Scotland has some, but not all, of the prerequisites for this so that independence would require internal adaptation.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 National Institute of Economic and Social Research

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This work is supported by an ESRC Senior Research Fellowship under the Future of the UK and Scotland programme.

References

Alesina, A.Spoloare, E. (2003), The Size of Nations, Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avdagic, S.Rhodes, M.Visser, J. (2011), Social Pacts in Europe. Emergence, Evolution and Institutionalization, Oxford, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandal, N.Bratberg, Ø.Thorsen, D.E. (2013), The Nordic Model of Social Democracy, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christiansen, N.F.Markkola, P. (2006), ‘Introduction’ in Christiansen, N.F.Petersen, K.Edling, N.Haave, P. (eds), The Nordic Model of Welfare: A Historical Reappraisal, Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press.Google Scholar
Compston, H. (2002), ‘The strange persistence of policy concertation’, in Berger, S.Compston, H. (eds), Policy Concertation and Social Partnership in Western Europe, Oxford, Berghahn.Google Scholar
Craig, C. (2003), The Scots’ Crisis of Self-Confidence, Glasgow, Big Thinking.Google Scholar
Crouch, C. (2013), ‘Class politics and the social investment welfare state’, in Keating, M.McCrone, D. (eds), The Crisis of Social Democracy in Europe, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Curtice, J.Ormiston, R. (2011), Is Scotland more left-wing than England?, Edinburgh, Scottish Centre for Social Research.Google Scholar
Dellepiane, S.Hardiman, N. (2012), ‘Governing the Irish economy: a triple crisis’, in Hardiman, N. (ed.), Irish Governance in Crisis, Manchester, Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills/Office for National Statistics (2013), Trade Union Membership 2012: Statistics Bulletin, London, HMSO.Google Scholar
Dølvik, J.E. (2007), ‘The Nordic regimes of labour market governance: from crisis to success-story?’, in FafosRådsprogram 2006–2008, Fafo-paper 2007:07.Google Scholar
Eirtheim, P.Kuhnle, S. (2000), ‘Nordic welfare states in the 1990s: institutional stability, signs of divergence’, in Kuhnle, S. (ed.), Survival of the European Welfare State, Routledge/ECPR Studies in European Political Science, New York, Routledge.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, G. (1996), Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptations in Global Economies, London, Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, G.Korpi, W. (1987), ‘From poor relief to institutional welfares: the development of Scandinavian social policy’, in Eriksen, R.Hansen, E.Ringen, S.Uusitalo, H. (eds), The Scandinavian Model: Welfare States and Welfare Research, New York, M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Y.H.Mansbach, R.W. (1996), Polities: Authority, Identities, and Change, Columbia, University of South Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Gamble, A. (1988), The Free Economy and the Strong State. The Politics of Thatcherism, London, Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gardham, M. (2012), ‘Russell: I was wrong on universal benefits’, The Herald, 3 October.Google Scholar
Hall, P.A.Soskice, D. (2001), ‘An introduction to varieties of capitalism’, in Hall, P.A.Soskice, D. (eds), Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hemerijck, A. (2013), Changing Welfare States, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hilson, M. (2008), The Nordic Model: Scandinavia Since 1945, London, Reaktion Books Ltd.Google Scholar
Jimmy Reid Foundation (2013), The Common Weal: a model for economic and social development in Scotland, Glasgow, Jimmy Reid Foundation.Google Scholar
Jensen, N.M. (2012), ‘Fiscal policy and the firm: do low corporate tax rates attract multinational corporations?’, Comparative Political Studies, 45, pp. 1004–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonung, L. (2008), ‘Lessons from financial liberalisation in Scandinavia’, Comparative Economic Studies, 0, pp. 135.Google Scholar
Jørgensen, H.Schulze, M. (2011), ‘Leaving the Nordic path? The changing role of Danish trade unions in the welfare reform process’, Social Policy & Administration, 45, 2, April, pp. 206–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kangas, O.Palme, J. (2009), ‘Making social policy work for economic development: the Nordic experience’, International Journal of Social Welfare, 18, pp. 6272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katzenstein, P.J. (1985), Small States in World Markets. Industrial Policy in Europe, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Keating, M. (1998), The New Regionalism in Western Europe. Territorial Restructuring and Political Change, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Keating, M. (2008), ‘Culture and social science’, in dellaPorta, D.Keating, M. (eds), Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. A Pluralist Perspective, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Keating, M. (2010), The Government of Scotland. Public Policy Making after Devolution, 2nd edn., Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Keating, M. (2013), Rescaling the European State. The making of territory and the rise of the meso, Oxford, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keating, M.Loughlin, J.Deschouwer, K. (2003), Culture, Institutions and Economic Development, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Kildal, N.Kuhnle, S. (Eds) (2005), Normative Foundations of the Welfare State: The Nordic Experience, Abingdon, Routledge.Google Scholar
Kirby, P.Murphy, M.P. (2011), Towards a Second Republic. Irish Politics after the Celtic Tiger, London, Pluto.Google Scholar
MacLeod, D.Russell, M. (2006), Grasping the Thistle: How Scotland Must React to the Three Key Challenges of the Twenty First Century, Glendaruel, Argyll Publishing.Google Scholar
MacWhirter, I. (2006), ‘A tale of two books’, Scottish Review of Books, 2.4.Google Scholar
Milner, H. (2013), ‘Can the Swedish social model survive the decline of the social democrats?’ in Keating, M.McCrone, D. (eds), The Crisis of Social Democracy in Europe, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
National Economic and Social Council (2013), online at: www.nesc.ie/en/our-organisation/about-nesc/.Google Scholar
OECD (2013), ‘Country statistical profiles’, Country statistical profiles: Key tables from OECD, online at: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/country-statistical-profiles-key-tables-from-oecd_20752288.Google Scholar
Ohmae, K. (1995), The End of the Nation State: The Rise of RegionalEconomies, London, Harper Collins Publishers.Google Scholar
Østrup, F.Oxelheim, L.Wihlborg, C. (2009), ‘Origins and resolution of financial crises: lessons from the current and northern European crises’, Asian Economic Papers, 8, 3, pp. 178220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, M. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Basingstoke, Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, R.D. (1993), Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rhodes, Martin (2001), ‘The political economy of social pacts: “competitive corporatism” and European welfare reform’, in Pierson, P. (ed.), The New Politics of the Welfare State, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rhodes, Martin (2013), ‘Labour markets, welfare states and the dilemmas of European social democracy’, in Keating, M.McCrone, D. (eds), The Crisis of Social Democracy in Europe, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Rodik, D. (1998), ‘Why do more open economies have bigger governments?’, Journal of Political Economy, 106, 5, pp. 9971032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosie, M.Bond, M. (2007), ‘Social Democratic Scotland?’, in Keating, M. (ed.), Scottish Social Democracy, Brussels, Presses Interuniversitaires Européennes/Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Scottish Government (2013), Scotland's Future. Your Guide to an Independent Scotland, Edinburgh, Scottish Government.Google Scholar
Schmitter, P. (1974), ‘Still the century of corporatism?’, The Review of Politics, 36, 1, pp. 85131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skilling, D. (2012), In Uncertain Seas: Positioning Small Countries to Succeed in a Changing World, Singapore, Landfall Strategy Group.Google Scholar
Smith, G.G. (1919), Scottish Literature: Character and Influence, London, Macmillan.Google Scholar
Spruyt, H. (1994), The Sovereign State and Its Competitors. An Analysis of Systems Change, Princeton, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Traxler, F. (2004), ‘The metamorphoses of corporatism: from classical to lean patterns’, European Journal of Political Research, 43, 4, pp. 571–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaubel, R. (2013), ‘Secession in the European Union’, Journal of Economic Affairs, 33, 3, pp. 288302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visser, J.Rhodes, M. (2011), ‘The evolution of social pacts. Trajectories and mechanisms of institutionalization’, in Avdagic, S.Rhodes, M.Visser, J. (2011), Social Pacts in Europe. Emergence, Evolution and Institutionalization, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, R.Pickett, K. (2010), The Spirit Level: Why Equality is Better for Everyone, Harmondsworth, Penguin.Google Scholar
World Bank (2013), World Development Indicators: Distribution of income or consumption, data collated online at: http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/2.9.Google Scholar