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Xavier Guerrero, De México a Chile (From Mexico to Chile), Some Remarks About the Use of Portland Cement in Mexican Muralism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 August 2012

Sandra Zetina Ocaña ,
Manuel Espinosa Pesqueira ,
Nora Ariadna Pérez Castellanos  and
Renato Robert Pappereti
Sandra Zetina Ocaña
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Obras de Arte, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Circuito Mario de la Cueva s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, Mexico. e-mail: sandra.zetina@gmail.com
Manuel Espinosa Pesqueira
Affiliation:
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares ININ, Mexico
Nora Ariadna Pérez Castellanos
Affiliation:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Mexico.
Renato Robert Pappereti
Affiliation:
Centro Nacional de Conservación y Registro del Patrimonio Artístico Mueble, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, INBA, Mexico.
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Abstract

Xavier Guerrero (1896-1974) had an important role in the so-called Mexican Mural Renaissance, as a technical leader in the murals painted by Roberto Montenegro and Diego Rivera in the early 1920’s. Jean Charlot, Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros considered him as a sophisticated fresco craftsman, whose knowledge came from a popular mural painters guild.

In 1941 the Mexican Government donated a School to Chillan, a Chilean town almost destroyed by a strong earthquake. David Alfaro Siqueiros and Xavier Guerrero were commissioned to paint murals on the Mexico School. Between 1941-1942 Guerrero decorated several walls and the staircase ceiling, the mural program is called De México a Chile (From Mexico to Chile). In 2010 another earthquake destroyed part of the ceiling. This study is part of the diagnosis project of De México a Chile, and consists in the characterization of the mortar and painting layers with optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal analysis (TGA), while textural properties of the mortars were studied with nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques.

Analytical results show a stratigraphic sequence composed of several layers of Portland and lime combinations, and also an interesting painting technique that possibly involves the Portland cement setting process, with the development of specular gypsum.

Keywords

cementscanning electron microscopy (SEM)paintings
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1374: Symposium S8 – Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Issues in Materials Science , 2012 , pp. 73 - 85
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

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References

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