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The Role Played by Strain Fields, Dislocation Arrays, and Domain Boundaries During the Catalytic Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Ludovico Matteo Dell'Acqua-Bellavitis ,
Jake D Ballard ,
Robert Vajtai ,
Pulickel M Ajayan  and
Richard W Siegel
Ludovico Matteo Dell'Acqua-Bellavitis
Affiliation:
dellal@rpi.edu, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Engineering Science and Nanotechnology Center, 110 Eight Street,, Troy NY 12180-3590, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, United States, +1/518/2763011, +1/518/2719571
Jake D Ballard
Affiliation:
ballaj2@rpi.edu, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Materials Science and Engineering, United States
Robert Vajtai
Affiliation:
vajtar@rpi.edu, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Materials Science and Engineering, United States
Pulickel M Ajayan
Affiliation:
ajayan@rpi.edu, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Materials Science and Engineering, United States
Richard W Siegel
Affiliation:
rwsiegel@pi.edu, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Materials Science and Engineering, United States
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Abstract

Ex-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on catalytically-grown multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), leading to the identification of two types of catalyst-nanotube wall interfaces – respectively characterized by a quasi-spherical, low aspect ratio particle closer to the nanotube root and by a tapered, high aspect ratio particle farther away from it. The nanotubes exhibit two distinct types of boundaries between crystalline domains with different orientations – twist and twin boundaries in correspondence with quasi-spherical particles and tilt boundaries in correspondence with the tapered particles. TEM evidence suggests that the domain boundaries maintain a rather steady position coupled to the catalytic particles, while the carbon atoms diffuse along the nanotube axis away from the particles. From these considerations, it is possible to conclude that the relative movement of the carbon atoms with respect to the dislocation lines comprising the nanotube domain boundary located at the catalyst-wall interface is a significant mechanism for nanotube crystal growth mainly driven by surface diffusion. The results are interpreted in light of the concurrence of base- and tip- growth for the catalytic synthesis of nanotubes dominated by surface diffusion.

Keywords

nanoscalecatalyticdislocations
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 900: Symposium O – Nanoparticles and Nanostructures in Sensors and Catalysis , 2005 , 0900-O01-01
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

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