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Lithium Intercalation in Porous Carbon Electrodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

T. D. Tran ,
J. Feikert ,
R. W. Pekala ,
J. Miller  and
B. Dunn
T. D. Tran
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024
J. Feikert
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024
R. W. Pekala
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024
J. Miller
Affiliation:
Chemistry & Materials Science Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
B. Dunn
Affiliation:
Chemistry & Materials Science Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
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Abstract

Carbons derived from the phase separation of polyacrylonitrile/solvent mixtures were investigated as lithium intercalation anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The carbon electrodes have a bulk density of 0.35-0.5 g/cm3, relatively low surface areas (< 10 m2/g), and micron-size cells. Pyrolysis temperature influences the reversible lithium intercalation and the irreversible capacity (associated with the formation of the passivating layer). Carbon electrodes pyrolyzed at 600°C have first-cycle capacity as high as 550 mAh/g as well as large irreversible capacity, 440 mAh/g. Electrodes prepared at 1050°C have reversible capacities around 270 mAh/g with relatively lower capacity losses (120 mAh/g). Doping the organic precursors with phosphoric acid, prior to pyrolysis at 1050 C, leads to carbon electrodes with reversible capacities as high as 450 mAh/g. The capacity of doped carbon increased with increasing phosphorus concentration in the samples. The doped carbon anodes exhibited good cycleability and excellent coulombic efficiency. The electrochemical performance is related to morphology, chemical composition, and local structural order.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 393: Symposium W – Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion , 1995 , 327
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1995

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References

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