Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-wpx69 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-26T18:19:38.621Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Interfacial Energy and Materials Selection Criteria in Composite Microstructured Optical Fiber Fabrication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Shandon D. Hart  and
Yoel Fink
Shandon D. Hart
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, U.S.A.
Yoel Fink
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, U.S.A.
Get access

Abstract

The recently expanding field of microstructured optical fibers relies on the controlled fabrication of sub-micron features in a fiber drawn in the viscous fluid state. Microstructured fibers have generated great interest owing to their potential in areas such as photonic bandgap guidance of light in low-index media; high-energy laser transmission; and unique control over waveguide non-linearities, dispersion and modal properties [1–6]. These fibers have been made from a single material with air holes [7, 8] and as multi-material ‘composite’ fibers where air is not a part of the microstructured region [6, 9]. While single-material microstructured fibers generally rely on the established technology base of fused silica, the use of less conventional materials may enable applications not possible using silica [6]. Multi-material fibers may also present certain fabrication advantages due to their incompressible domains and simple cylindrical geometries. However, the use of more than one material raises questions about which types of materials can be combined in the drawing of a microstructured fiber. This problem can be approached by analyzing the relative importance of different materials properties such as viscosity, interfacial energy, and thermal expansion. In this study we focus on the effects of interfacial energy in composite microstructured fibers. We measure the interfacial energies at high temperature of a chalcogenide glass and an organic polymer recently employed in the fabrication of composite photonic bandgap optical fibers. We discuss the effect of interfacial energy during fiber draw, as well as the interplay between surface and viscous forces. Finally, we comment on the implications of this analysis for understanding what classes of materials can be used in composite microstructured fiber fabrication.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 797: Symposium W – Engineered Porosity for Microphotonics and Plasmonics , 2003 , W7.5
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Birks, T.A., Knight, J.C. and Russell, P.S., Optics Letters, 22(13): p. 961–963, 1997.Google Scholar
2. Cregan, R.F., Mangan, B.J., Knight, J.C., Birks, T.A., Russell, P.S.J., Roberts, P.J., and Allan, D.C., Science, 285: p. 1537–1539, 1999.Google Scholar
3. Smith, C.M., Venkataraman, N., Gallagher, M.T., Muller, D., West, J.A., Borrelli, N.F., Allan, D.C., and Koch, K.W., Nature, 424(6949): p. 657–659, 2003.Google Scholar
4. Reeves, W.H., Skyrabin, D.V., Biancalana, F., Knight, J.C., Russell, P.S., Omenetto, F.G., Efimov, A., and Taylor, A.J., Nature, 424(6948): p. 511–515, 2003.Google Scholar
5. Engeness, T., Ibanescu, M., Johnson, S.G., Weisberg, O., Skorobogatiy, M., Jacobs, S.A., and Fink, Y., Optics Express, 11(10): p. 1175–1196, 2003.Google Scholar
6. Temelkuran, B., Hart, S.D., Benoit, G., Joannopoulos, J.D. and Fink, Y., Nature, 420(6916): p. 650–653, 2002.Google Scholar
7. Eggleton, B.J., Kerbage, C., Westbrook, P.S., Windeler, R.S. and Hale, A., Opt. Express, 9(13): p. 698–713, 2001.Google Scholar
8. Knight, J.C., Nature, 424(6950): p. 847–851, 2003.Google Scholar
9. Hart, S.D., Maskaly, G.R., Temelkuran, B., Prideaux, P.H., Joannopoulos, J.D. and Fink, Y., Science, 296: p. 510–513, 2002.Google Scholar
10. Rayleigh, L., J.W.S, ., Proc. Royal Soc. London, 29: p. 71–97, 1879.Google Scholar
11. Eggers, J., Rev. Modern Physics, 69(3): p. 865–928, 1997.Google Scholar
12. Monro, T.M., West, Y.D., Hewak, D.W., Broderick, N.G.R. and Richardson, D.J., Electronics Letters, 36(24): p. 1998–2000, 2000.Google Scholar
13. Wu, S., Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 31(2): p. 153–161, 1969.Google Scholar
14. Kucuk, A., Clare, A.G. and Jones, L., Glass Technol., 40(5): p. 149–153, 1999.Google Scholar
15. Bormashenko, E., Pogreb, R., Pogreb, Z. and Sutovski, S., Opt. Eng., 40(5): p. 661–662, 2001.Google Scholar
16. Ray, N.H. and Sherliker, F.R., United States Patent No. 3,732,181, 1973.Google Scholar
17. Quinn, C.J., Frayer, P. and Beall, G.H., in Polymeric materials encyclopedia, Salamone, J.C., Editor. 1996, CRC Press, Inc. p. 2766–2777.Google Scholar
18. Hartland, S. and Hartley, R.W., Axisymmetric fluid-liquid interfaces. 1976, New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
19. Lahooti, S., del Rio, O.I., Cheng, P. and Neumann, A.W., in Applied Surface Thermodynamics, Neumann, A.W. and Spelt, J.K., Ed. 1996, Marcel Dekker: New York.Google Scholar
20. Varshneya, A.K., Fundamentals of inorganic glasses. 1994, New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar